Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Demographic trends in mortality due to ovarian cancer in the United States, 1999-2020
Laiba Razaq, Arkadeep Dhali, Rick Maity, Abdul Rafae Faisal, Ali Shan Hafeez, Asad Zaman, Mohammad Abdullah Humayun, Muhammad Faizan, Mavra Shahid, Mamoona Majeed, Pramod Singh
Laiba Razaq, Mavra Shahid, Mamoona Majeed, Department of Internal Medicine, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Arkadeep Dhali, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom
Rick Maity, Department of General Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata 700020, India
Abdul Rafae Faisal, Ali Shan Hafeez, Asad Zaman, Department of Internal Medicine, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences, Multan 59070, Pakistan
Mohammad Abdullah Humayun, Department of Internal Medicine, Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore 54840, Pakistan
Muhammad Faizan, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
Pramod Singh, Department of Internal Medicine, Barhabise Primary Health Care Centre, Barhabise 45302, Nepal
Co-first authors: Laiba Razaq and Arkadeep Dhali.
Author contributions: Razaq L and Dhali A conceptualized the article and contributed equally as co-first authors. Razaq L, Dhali A, and Maity R conducted literature review; Faisal AR, Hafeez AS, Zaman A, Humayun MA, Faizan M, Shahid M, and Majeed M collected and curated data; Singh P supervised the work and wrote the revised manuscript; Razaq L, Dhali A, Maity R, Faisal AR, Hafeez AS, Zaman A, Humayun MA, Faizan M, Shahid M, and Majeed M wrote the primary manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This is a study from a publicly available dataset (
https://wonder.cdc.gov/). Therefore, institutional review board approval is not applicable.
Informed consent statement: This is a study from a publicly available dataset (
https://wonder.cdc.gov/). Therefore, informed consent is not applicable.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Arkadeep Dhali, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom.
arkadipdhali@gmail.com
Received: April 14, 2025
Revised: April 25, 2025
Accepted: May 23, 2025
Published online: June 24, 2025
Processing time: 68 Days and 13.1 Hours
BACKGROUND
Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers. Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors, including early menarche, late menopause, limited use of oral contraceptives, and a low pregnancy rate, have been identified as contributors to the increased susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Advancements in cancer therapy over the past century, including the emergence of precision oncology, underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions, factors particularly critical in ovarian cancer, where late-stage diagnosis remains a persistent barrier to survival. This challenge is compounded by the lack of a universally endorsed screening program, resulting in late-stage identification and widespread metastasis.
AIM
To evaluate demographic differences in ovarian cancer-related mortality from 1999 to 2020 among adult females aged ≥ 25 years within the United States.
METHODS
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to collect de-identified death certificate data for malignant neoplasm of the ovaries related deaths in female adults aged 25 years and older from the year 1999 to 2020. Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100000 people were calculated. Join point regression program was used to assess annual percent changes in mortality trends, with statistical significance set at P value < 0.05.
RESULTS
Between 1999 and 2020, 337619 deaths due to ovarian cancer occurred among United States females aged 25 to > 85. The AAMR decreased from 14.62 in 1999 to 10.15 in 2020, with significant declines across various demographics. The AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic White women, i.e., 13.53. Based on region, they were the highest in the Northeast (13.06) and Midwest (12.94). The steepest decline was observed in metropolitan areas as compared to nonmetropolitan ones. The study highlights significant progress in reducing ovarian cancer mortality across age, race/ethnicity, and geographic regions during this period.
CONCLUSION
The mortality trends for ovarian carcinoma patients showed an overall decrease, with the highest mortality rates observed among older individuals (65 to > 85 years) and non-Hispanic Whites. These disparities underscore the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted policy interventions.
Core Tip: This epidemiological study analyzed ovarian cancer-related mortality trends in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Findings revealed a significant decline in age-adjusted mortality rates, dropping from 14.62 per 100000 in 1999 to 10.15 per 100000 in 2020. The greatest improvements occurred among non-Hispanic White women, in metropolitan areas, and within the Northeast and Midwest regions. Despite overall progress, geographic and demographic disparities persist, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies and equitable healthcare interventions to further decrease ovarian cancer mortality.
