Vascular anomalies: A pictorial review of nomenclature, diagnosis and treatment

Table 1 Commonly used sclerosants and liquid embolic agents

Sclerosants and liquid embolic agents	Comments
Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS)	Combined with non-ionic contrast for final concentration of 1.5%; foamed according to Tessari’s method[39]
Doxycycline	10 mg/mL, maximum dose 1000 mg
Ethanol	95% concentration; Risk of systemic toxicity increases with doses > 1 mL/kg or total volume > 60 mL
Bleomycin	0.3-0.5 mg/kg
OK-432/Picibanil	1-3 intralesional injections of 0.2 mL each dose at 0.01 mg/kg
Polidocanol	0.5-1.0% concentration; Inject 0.1-0.3 mL for a total administered dose of 10 mL
n-BCA glue	Combined with Ethiodol for polymerization
Onyx	Dissolved with DMSO and tantalum; three different concentrations (6%, 6.5%, 8%)

STS: Sotradecol; n-BCA: n-butyl cyanoacrylate.