Primary renal carcinoid tumor: A rare cystic renal neoplasm

Table 1 Review of published cases of primary renal carcinoid tumor

Source	Age (yr)	Sex	Symptoms	Size (cm)	CT finding	Metastases
Romero et al[2] (56 cases review)	12-68		Abd./flank pain	> 4	Low density (54.5%)	50%
	(49)		Endocrine syndrome		High density (45.5%)
			(73.6%)		Minimal or no enhancement
					Calcification (26.5%)
					Necrosis (12.2%)
Jain et al[3] (39 cases review, 1 case report)	23-78	N/A	Abd mass Acute loin pain		N/A	N/A
Murali et al[4] (51 cases review, 2006)	13-68	No	Abd./flank pain	1.5-22	Well circumscribed enhancing or nonenhancing solid mass	LN (12)
	(47)		Wt. loss			Liver (10)
			Abd. Mass			Bone (1)
			hematuria
Hansel et al[5] (21 cases)	27-78		Back/flank pain (6)	2.6-17	N/A	L/N (11)
	(52)		Mass (2)	(6.4)		Liver (5)
			Hematuria (2)			Bone (1)
			Anemia (1)			Lung (1)
Raslan et al[10] (5 cases)	63	M	None	6	Hypervascular mass	Liver
	40	M	Abd. Discomfort	5	Mass	None
	49	F	Hematuria	6	Mass	Liver, LN
	52	F	Carcinoid syndrome	8	Mass	Liver
	62	M	Hematuria	4	Solid and cystic mass	None
Zak et al[14] (2 cases)	34	F	None	14	N/A	None
	59	F	Pyuria, urgency	N/A	N/A	Bone
Krishnan et al[16]	48	M	Fever	6	Hyperdense nonenhancing mass	None
Bégin et al[18]	43	M	None	3.5	Homogeneous solid	None
Kurl et al[19]	62	F	flank pain	9	Nonenhancing solid and cystic mass with calcification, hemorrhage	Liver
Moulopoulos et al[21]	45	N/A	Abd. pain	8	Solid mass with calcification	LN, Liver
Tal et al[22]	33	M	Hematuria	5	Minimal enhance, calcification	None
Present case	21	M	None	8 × 6	Solid and cystic mass with well enhancement	None

LN: Lymph node; CT: computed tomogragy; F: Female; M: Male; N/A: Not applicable.