Giant intraventricular and paraventricular cavernous malformations with multifocal subependymal cavernous malformations in pediatric patients: Two case reports

Table 1 Intraventricular and paraventricular giant cavernous malformations in pediatric patients reported in the literature

No.	Ref.	Age, sex	Size (cm)	Location	Lesion number	Symptoms	Computed tomography scan	Magnetic resonance imaging	Post- operative status
1	Kawagishi et al[11], 1993	11 mo, boy	10	Right paraventricle	Single	Left hemiparesis	Multilobular high density enhanced rim/septum	Heterogeneous signal intensity on T1w/T2w with hemosiderin rim	Improved
2	Van Lindert et al[10], 2007	3 mo, girl	6-7	Left paraventricle	Single	Generalized seizure	Left fronto-temporal multicystic	-	Improved
3	Gezen et al[12], 2008	10 mo, boy	6 × 4 × 4.5	Left paraven tricular parietal lobe	Single	Focal seizure	-	Lobulated, hemorrhages	Hemi-paresis
4	Nieto et al[13], 2003	11 yr, girl	5	Left trigone	Single	Seizure	-	Rounded and well-delineated	Improved
5	Kumar et al[14], 2006	8 yr, boy	5	Right trigone	Single	Mass effect	Hyperdense enhanced, calcifications	-	Improved
6	Kan et al[8], 2008	0.9 yr, boy	9 × 6	Left fronto-parietal, intraventricle	Single	Seizure, right hemiparesis	Hyperdense, heterogeneous calcifications	Multicystic with multiple hemosiderin rings	NA
7	Ozgen et al[15], 2011, 7 reported cases	2 yr, girl	> 4	Left parietal	Single	Seizure	-	Macroscopic cysts and huge calcification	NA
8		4 yr, boy	> 4	Medial temporal	Single	Seizure	-	Multicystic hemosiderin ring	NA
9		8 mo, girl	> 4	Left parietal	Single	Seizure	-	Multicystic cysts with subacute hematoma	NA
10		18 mo, boy	> 4	Peri-atrial of left parietal region	Multiple	Seizure	-	Multicystic with fluid level	NA
11		1 yr, girl	> 4	Left parietal	Single	Vomiting, altered consciousness	-	Macroscopic cysts, huge calcification	NA
12		9 yr, girl	> 4	Left parietal	Single	Seizure	-	Solid, well-defined	NA
13		8 yr, boy	> 4	Intraventricle	Single	Headache	-	Solid, well-defined	NA
14	Two present cases	6 mo, boy	9.4	Left intraventricle	Multiple	Increased head circumference	Solid-cystic	Heterogeneous enhancing solid cyst	Hemi-paresis
15		21 mo, boy	8.2	Right paraventricle	Multiple	Left hemiparesis	Multilobulate rim enhancement	Multicystic hemorrhage

NA: Not available.