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Agnello F, Taibbi A, Galia M, Orlando A, Gagliardo C, Bartolotta TV. Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment response: Imaging findings and criteria. World J Radiol 2025; 17(10): 108804 [PMID: 41180907 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i10.108804]
Francesco Agnello, Adele Taibbi, Massimo Galia, Alessia Orlando, Cesare Gagliardo, Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta, Department of Radiology, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo 90127, Italy
Author contributions: Agnello F, Galia M and Bartolotta TV were guarantors of the integrity of the study; Agnello F, Galia M, Gagliardo C and Orlando A contributed to the manuscript drafting and revision; Bartolotta V and Galia M contributed to manuscript editing. All authors contributed to literature search and approved the final version of the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors have no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Radiology, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 129, Palermo 90127, Italy. tommasovincenzo.bartolotta@unipa.it
Received: April 24, 2025 Revised: June 16, 2025 Accepted: September 17, 2025 Published online: October 28, 2025 Processing time: 187 Days and 19.9 Hours
Abstract
Imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment response. Contrast enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with extra-cellular or hepatobiliary contrast agents are the imaging techniques of choice. Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a promising technique. In this paper, we describe radiological techniques, imaging findings after HCC treatment, and the criteria of response evaluation. The utility of the structured report is also evaluated.
Core Tip: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a crucial role in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment response. Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a promising technique. Familiarity with imaging criteria is crucial to improve management of cirrhotic patients with HCC. In this review, we describe therapeutic options, radiological techniques, and imaging criteria to evaluate HCC treatment, and usage of a structured report.
