• artifacts
• intracranial pressure
• noninvasive
• optic nerve sheath diameter
• ultrasound
• ultrasound physics

• Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging
• Optic Nerve/anatomy & histology
• Humans
• Artifacts
• Ultrasonography/methods
• Intracranial Pressure

• BARDA

• Acute aortic dissection
• Ascending aorta
• Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography
• Type A

• Calcification
• Coronary artery
• Intravascular ultrasound
• Optical coherence tomography

• Humans
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Coronary Artery Disease/surgery
• Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
• Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods
• Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging
• Vascular Calcification/diagnosis
• Vascular Calcification/surgery
• Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging
• Coronary Vessels/pathology
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods
• Coronary Angiography/methods

• 3D automatic scan
• solid hydrogel couplants
• ultrasonography

• Transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography—Vocal cord palsy—Thyroid surgery—Technical aspects—Laryngoscopy

• Artifacts
• B-Mode
• Doppler
• Image resolution
• Knobology
• POCUS
• Point-of-care ultrasound
• Ultrasound physics

• Humans
• Ultrasonography/methods
• Point-of-Care Systems
• Artifacts
• Physics

• Artifact
• Color Doppler stripe
• Valvular heart disease

• Aged, 80 and over
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Artifacts
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods
• Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods
• Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis
• Heart Valve Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging
• Severity of Illness Index

• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Aorta/diagnostic imaging
• Aorta/pathology
• Artifacts
• Echocardiography/methods

• Ultrasound imaging
• artifacts
• mirror image artifact
• misinterpretation
• reverberation artifact

• chest X-ray
• computed tomography
• implantable loop recorder
• magnetic resonance imaging
• mammography
• ultrasonography

• Humans
• Multimodal Imaging/methods
• Multimodal Imaging/instrumentation
• Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/instrumentation
• Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods
• Syncope/etiology
• Syncope/diagnosis
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
• Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
• Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnostic imaging
• Radiography, Thoracic/methods
• Radiography, Thoracic/instrumentation

• benign skin tumor
• class activation map
• convolutional neural network
• ultrasound image

• Humans
• Deep Learning
• Ultrasonography
• Hospitals
• Judgment
• Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

• NRF-2022R1A2C2091160 National Research Foundation of Korea

•

Foreign substances can interfere with the TEE probe, causing poor image quality.

• Chewing gum
• Echocardiogram artifacts
• Echocardiography
• Transesophageal echocardiogram

• Calcification
• Intravascular ultrasound
• Optical coherence tomography
• Percutaneous coronary intervention
• Rotational atherectomy

• Humans
• Atherectomy, Coronary/methods
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis
• Coronary Artery Disease/surgery
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
• Consensus
• East Asian People
• Treatment Outcome
• Vascular Calcification/surgery

• Ultrasound training
• cognitive load
• eye movement modeling examples
• eye-tracking
• prior knowledge

• Calcification
• Coronary artery disease
• Intravascular ultrasound
• Reverberation

• Shannon entropy
• grayscale histogram
• lung ultrasound
• pulmonary aeration

• Animals
• Humans
• Lung/diagnostic imaging
• Male
• Point-of-Care Systems
• Point-of-Care Testing
• Rabbits
• Thorax
• Ultrasonography/methods

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can provide useful information in patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy (RA). The association between IVUS findings and slow flow following rotational atherectomy (RA) has not been investigated, although slow flow has been shown to be an unfavorable sign with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the IVUS-factors associated with slow flow just after RA. We retrospectively enrolled 290 lesions (5316 IVUS-frames) with RA, which were divided into the slow flow group (n = 43 with 1029 IVUS-frames) and the non-slow flow group (n = 247 with 4287 IVUS-frames) based on the presence of slow flow. Multivariate regression analysis assessed the IVUS-factors associated with slow flow. Slow flow was significantly associated with long lesion length, the maximum number of reverberations [odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.07, p = 0.02] and nearly circumferential calcification at minimal lumen area (MLA) (≥ 300°) (OR, 2.21; 95% CI 1.13–4.32; p = 0.02). According to the maximum number of reverberations, the incidence of slow flow was 2.2% (n = 0), 11.9% (n = 1), 19.5% (n = 2), 22.5% (n = 3), and 44.4% (n = 4). In conclusion, IVUS findings such as longer lesion length, the maximum number of reverberations, and the greater arc of calcification at MLA may predict slow flow after RA. The operators need to pay more attention to the presence of reverberations to enhance the procedure safety.

• Children
• Framework
• Neonates
• Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)
• Risk assessment

Ultrasound compounding is to combine sonographic information captured from different angles and produce a single image. It is important for multi-view reconstruction, but as of yet there is no consensus on best practices for compounding. Current popular methods inevitably suppress or altogether leave out bright or dark regions that are useful and potentially introduce new artifacts. In this work, we establish a new algorithm to compound the overlapping pixels from different viewpoints in ultrasound.

Inspired by image fusion algorithms and ultrasound confidence, we uniquely leverage Laplacian and Gaussian pyramids to preserve the maximum boundary contrast without overemphasizing noise, speckles, and other artifacts in the compounded image, while taking the direction of the ultrasound probe into account. Besides, we designed an algorithm that detects the useful boundaries in ultrasound images to further improve the boundary contrast.

We evaluate our algorithm by comparing it with previous algorithms both qualitatively and quantitatively, and we show that our approach not only preserves both light and dark details, but also somewhat suppresses noise and artifacts, rather than amplifying them. We also show that our algorithm can improve the performance of downstream tasks like segmentation.

Our proposed method that is based on confidence, contrast, and both Gaussian and Laplacian pyramids appears to be better at preserving contrast at anatomic boundaries while suppressing artifacts than any of the other approaches we tested. This algorithm may have future utility with downstream tasks such as 3D ultrasound volume reconstruction and segmentation.

• Laplacian pyramid
• Ultrasound anatomic boundaries
• Ultrasound image compounding
• Ultrasound reconstruction

• Abdomen
• Artifact
• Computer analysis
• Sound refraction
• Ultrasound

• Abdomen/diagnostic imaging
• Artifacts
• Computer Simulation
• Elasticity Imaging Techniques
• Humans
• Ultrasonography

• U-net
• artificial intelligence
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• convolutional neural network
• heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

• bone healing
• monitoring
• ultrasound frequency-based method

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare but fatal necrotic infection of the kidney, which usually leads to septic shock. Therefore, early diagnosis and optimized therapy are of paramount importance. In the past two decades, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been widely used in clinical practice, especially in emergency and critical care settings, and helps to rapidly identify the source of infection in sepsis. We report a rare case in which a “falls” sign on POCUS played a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of EPN.

A 57-year-old man presented with fever and lumbago for 3 d prior to admission. He went to the emergency room, and the initial POCUS detected gas bubbles in the hepatorenal space showing a hyperechoic focus with dirty shadowing and comet-tail artifacts. This imaging feature was like a mini waterfall. His blood and urine culture demonstrated Escherichia coli bacteremia, and EPN associated with septic shock was diagnosed. The patient did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and a perirenal abscess developed. He subsequently underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous catheter drainage, and fully recovered. We also review the literature on the sonographic features of POCUS in EPN.

This case indicates that a “falls” sign on POCUS facilitates the rapid diagnosis of severe EPN at the bedside.

• Emphysematous pyelonephritis
• Point-of-care ultrasound
• Ultrasound
• Urinary tract infection
• Review
• Case report

• critical care
• education
• pain management
• technology
• ultrasonography

• artifact
• attenuation
• beam
• musculoskeletal
• reflection
• ultrasound

Ultrasound appears to be the most useful imaging tool in the diagnosis and guided treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, ultrasonography has been criticized for being user dependent. Therefore, medical professionals should be familiar with the basic principles of ultrasound imaging (e.g., physics and technical skills) to diminish artifacts and avoid misinterpretation. In this review, we focused on the physics of common artifacts, their clinical significance, and the ways to tackle them in daily practice during musculoskeletal imaging. In particular, artifacts pertaining to the focal zone, beam attenuation, path and side lobe of the beam, speed of the sound, and range ambiguity were described.

• artifact
• attenuation
• beam
• musculoskeletal
• reflection
• ultrasound

Echocardiography is useful for making a diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) by directly visualizing the shunt flow. Herein, we present a case in which a single ostium secundum type ASD masqueraded as multiple defects on color flow imaging by transthoracic echocardiography. We confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography that this patient actually had a single ASD. An echocardiographic refraction artifact was considered to be the cause of this phenomenon. We need to be aware of the existence of this artifact to avoid misdiagnosis.

〈Learning objective: Echocardiography is useful for making a diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD). We present the case with a single ostium secundum type ASD which masqueraded as multiple defects on color flow imaging due to a refraction artifact. Refraction artifacts can make multiple false flow signals on color imaging. This case emphasizes the importance of an understanding of the existence of this artifact in not only B mode imaging but also color Doppler imaging.〉

• Artifacts
• Computer simulation model
• Liver cirrhosis
• Liver tumor
• Two-dimensional shear wave elastography
• Ultrasound