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Palermi S, Brugin E, Schiavon M, Tulipano Di Franco F, Sartori P, Baioccato V, Vecchiato M. Sport-related pneumomediastinum in a synchronized swimmer: from diagnosis to return to play. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2025; 53:185-188. [PMID: 39838719 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2025.2457313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palermi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Brugin
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Service, Noale Hospital, ULSS 3 Serenissima, Noale, Italy
| | - Maurizio Schiavon
- Sports Medicine Unit, Padova Hospital, AULSS6 Euganea, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Sartori
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale Civile SS Giovanni e Paolo, ULSS 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy
| | - Veronica Baioccato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Olgin GK, Ludwig C, Matthay MA, Gribben V. Pneumothoraces Associated With Vaping Cannabis Concentrate. Pediatrics 2024; 154:e2024067278. [PMID: 39468959 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-067278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaping-associated spontaneous pneumothorax (VASP) is a new diagnosis created to describe spontaneous pneumothorax associated with the use of vape devices. We describe a case of bilateral VASP in a previously healthy 15-year-old male who was vaping cannabis concentrate. This is the first case report of VASP involving the sole usage of cannabis concentrate. This patient reported vaping for only 6 months before initial presentation. As rates of vaping cannabis concentrate increase among adolescents, VASP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in adolescents who vape nicotine or cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Ludwig
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Valerie Gribben
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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3
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Tomesch AJ, Negaard M, Keller-Baruch O. Chest and Thorax Injuries in Athletes. Clin Sports Med 2023; 42:385-400. [PMID: 37208054 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to the chest and thorax are rare, but when they occur, they can be life-threatening. It is important to have a high index of suspicion to be able to make these diagnoses when evaluating a patient with a chest injury. Often, sideline management is limited and immediate transport to a hospital is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Tomesch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Matthew Negaard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Forte Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, Indianapolis, IN, USA. https://twitter.com/MattNegaard
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4
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Sherwood DH, Gill BD, Schuessler BA, Smith D. Posttraumatic Pneumothorax in Sport: A Case Report and Management Algorithm. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:133-136. [PMID: 33655993 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David H Sherwood
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Benjamin D Gill
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Bradley A Schuessler
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - David Smith
- Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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5
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Abstract
Respiratory symptoms and infections are common among athletes. Viral upper respiratory infection symptoms may precede dyspneic symptoms seen in asthmatics or worsen symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Knowing how to instruct an athlete on use of inhalers and having an asthma action plan are critical in management of these athletes. Other life-threatening conditions that may be seen are pneumothorax and laryngeal/pharyngeal perforation. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial if an athlete is suspected to have pulmonary compromise. Laryngeal/pharyngeal perforations are a rare cause of issues within the training room but require a high degree of suspicion to be diagnosed and managed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Gonzalez
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
| | - Aaron V Mares
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - David R Espinoza
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
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6
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Fitch RW, Williams J. Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Conditions in the Athlete. Clin Sports Med 2019; 38:513-535. [PMID: 31472763 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The athletic training room is filled with a multitude of conditions encompassing many different specialties of medicine. When it comes to traumatic injuries in the training room, many of them are not musculoskeletal in nature. Ultrasound in the training room can help identify serious and subtle solid-organ injury and small pneumothoraces. The discussion of these conditions follows a simple outline that helps identify injury/conditions through a proper history and physical. Evidence-based treatment/management/return to play guidelines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Warne Fitch
- 1215 21st Avenue South STE 3200 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason Williams
- 1215 21st Avenue South STE 3200 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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8
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Kerr H, Bowen B, Light D. Thoracoabdominal Injuries. CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56188-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the thorax and abdomen can occur during participation in sports. This chapter reviews some of the more common presentations of such injuries and how such injuries should be best managed. Thoracic injuries reviewed include internal injuries such as pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, hemothorax, commotio cordis, and cardiac contusion. Chest wall injuries are also reviewed such as rib fractures, costochondritis, and slipping rib syndrome plus sternal and scapular fractures. Abdominal injuries reviewed are focused on internal organ trauma to the spleen and liver, kidney, pancreas, and bowel. There is attention to the effect of Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis, seen very frequently in high school and collegiate athletes. Finally, groin pain and athletic pubalgia are described. In addition to anatomy and clinical presentation, imaging modalities that characterize such trauma are reviewed for each diagnosis. Prevention of thoracoabdominal injuries and return-to-play decisions are described at the chapter conclusion.
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9
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Shek KC, Lo CM, Ong KL, Kam CW. Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: An Uncommon Complication from an Augmented Physiological Belching (Imitating a TV Show Game). HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490790501200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noisy belching in front of other people, often considered to be an impolite manner, may not be as harmless as it seems. We report on a patient who had spontaneous pneumomediastinum after intentional induction of noisy belching by rapid excessive intake of carbonated drinks (imitating the game played in a popular local television program “The Super Trio Continues…”). The clinical features, investigations and management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum are discussed.
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10
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Slaughter JM, Roppolo L. "Screaming your Lungs Out!" A Case of Boy Band-Induced Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumoretropharyngeum. J Emerg Med 2017; 53:762-764. [PMID: 28987299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Mack Slaughter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern/Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lynn Roppolo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern/Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, Texas
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11
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Murayama S, Gibo S. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and Macklin effect: Overview and appearance on computed tomography. World J Radiol 2014; 6:850-854. [PMID: 25431639 PMCID: PMC4241491 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i11.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is described as free air or gas located within the mediastinum that is not associated with any noticeable cause such as chest trauma. SPM has been associated with many conditions and triggers, including bronchial asthma, diabetic ketoacidosis, forceful straining during exercise, inhalation of drugs, as well as other activities associated with the Valsalva maneuver. The Macklin effect appears on thoracic computed tomography (CT) as linear collections of air contiguous to the bronchovascular sheaths. With the recent availability of multidetector-row CT, the Macklin effect has been seen in the clinical setting more frequently than expected. The aim of this review article is to describe the CT imaging spectrum of the Macklin effect in patients with SPM, focusing on the common appearance of the Macklin effect, pneumorrhachis, and persistent SPM with pneumatocele.
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12
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Abstract
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of an asthma exacerbation characterized by chest pain, dyspnea, neck swelling, and subcutaneous emphysema. Although the condition is usually benign and treatment is primarily supportive, surgical intervention may be needed if the patient develops hemodynamic or respiratory failure.
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14
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Abstract
Respiratory problems are common in athletes of all abilities and can significantly impact upon their health and performance. In this article, we provide an overview of respiratory physiology in athletes. We also discuss the assessment and management of common clinical respiratory conditions as they pertain to athletes, including airways disease, respiratory tract infection and pneumothorax. We focus on providing a pragmatic approach and highlight important caveats for the physician treating respiratory conditions in this highly specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hull
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London.
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15
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Edwin F, Sereboe L, Tettey MM, Aniteye E, Bankah P, Frimpong-Boateng K. Bilateral tension pneumothorax resulting from a bicycle-to-bicycle collision. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr07.2009.2054. [PMID: 22148075 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2009.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral tension pneumothorax occurring as a result of recreational activity is exceedingly rare. A 10-year-old boy with no previous respiratory symptoms was involved in a bicycle-to-bicycle collision during play. He was the only one hurt. A few hours later, he was rushed to the general casualty unit of the emergency department of our institution with respiratory distress, diminished bilateral chest excursions and diminished breath sounds. The correct diagnosis was made after a chest radiograph was obtained in the course of resuscitation at the casualty unit. Pleural space needle decompression was suggestive of tension only on the right. Bilateral tube thoracostomies provided effective relief. He was discharged from hospital after a week in excellent health. This case illustrates the need for children to have safety instruction to reduce the risks of recreational bicycling. Chest radiography may be needed to establish the diagnosis of bilateral tension pneumothorax. Needle thoracostomy decompression is not always effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Edwin
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO Box KB 846, Korle Bu, Accra, KB 846, Ghana
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16
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Abstract
A previously healthy 19 year old male presented to the emergency department complaining of soreness in his neck, difficulty taking a deep breath, and a "crinkly feeling" in his neck and upper chest after running a marathon. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. He did not require any intervention or hospitalisation and made a full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Townes
- Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Reddymasu S, Borhan-Manesh F, Jordan PA. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum due to achalasia: a case report. South Med J 2006; 99:892-3. [PMID: 16929889 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000220884.80266.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare and benign clinical entity characterized by free air around mediastinal structures. Precipitating factors include violent cough, asthma, inhalational drugs, labor and exercise. We report a case of SPM due to achalasia which to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported. In achalasia, Valsalva maneuver might accompany severe vomiting. This causes alveolar rupture due to elevated intrabronchial and intra-alveolar pressure. Air tracks along the mediastinal spaces cause SPM. In our patient, there was no evidence of esophageal perforation. Tension pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax are complications of SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio Reddymasu
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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18
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Mihos P, Potaris K, Gakidis I, Mazaris E, Sarras E, Kontos Z. Sports-related spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 78:983-6. [PMID: 15337032 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare medical entity occurring almost exclusively in otherwise healthy young individuals without known predisposing factors. We reported our experience with patients presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum related to sports. METHODS Between January 1991 and December 2002, 10 patients were admitted with spontaneous pneumomediastinum related to sporting activities. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records with regard to predisposing factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and outcome. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 18.9 years (range 15 to 25 years). Retrosternal chest pain was the most common symptom (90%), and subcutaneous emphysema the most common physical finding (90%). Hamman's sign was present in 9 patients. In all 10 patients, physical exertion during sports was the only implicating factor (scuba diving in 4 patients, basketball in 2, soccer in 3, and volleyball in 1). All patients were treated conservatively. Complete resorption of the pneumomediastinum occurred in 3 to 8 days. Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 6 days (mean 3.8 days). Follow-up was complete in 8 patients (80%), and ranged from 6 to 84 months (mean 35 months). Only 1 recurrence of pneumomediastinum was found that was treated similarly. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous pneumomediastinum after sporting activities is a benign disease that generally resolves without clinical sequelae. Restriction of physical and athletic activity after the first episode is unnecessary, the only exception being that of scuba diving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Mihos
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, K.A.T. General Hospital of Attica, Kifissia, Greece.
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20
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Abstract
Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum occur uncommonly in association with athletic participation. Although they are rare, when they occur they can be life-threatening, requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. These injuries also present difficult return-to-play decisions for the sports medicine physician. There are sparse data to help determine the incidence of these injuries in sport, as well as their optimal treatment. Although most sports physicians have seen these injuries, not many have seen enough to publish a large series discussing optimal management or make return-to-play recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Putukian
- Department of Athletic Medicine, Princeton University, McCosh Health Center, NJ 08544, USA.
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21
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Gerazounis M, Athanassiadi K, Kalantzi N, Moustardas M. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare benign entity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:774-6. [PMID: 14502153 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous pneumomediastinum usually occurs in young people without an apparent precipitating factor or disease. Thoracic surgeons are involved in the diagnosis and management of this entity because of the potentially life-threatening conditions that either must be treated as an emergency or excluded, such as esophageal perforation or necrotizing mediastinitis. We present our modest experience in treating spontaneous pneumomediastinum. MATERIALS Between 1988 and 1998 we treated 22 cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in 18 male patients and 4 female patients, ranging in age between 12 and 32 years. All traumatic cases were excluded. Retrosternal chest pain was the main symptom the patients presented. In only 11 cases was subcutaneous emphysema present. Chest radiography was diagnostic in all our cases. Computed tomographic scan, when performed, confirmed the diagnosis. An esophagogram was essential to exclude an esophageal rupture. Last, a cardiologic examination especially focusing on pericarditis excluded cardiac disease. RESULTS Conservative treatment consisted of bed rest, oxygen therapy, and analgesics, which led to rapid resolution of the spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The mean hospital stay ranged between 3 and 10 days. In a follow-up of 3 to 12 years only 1 recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually an undiagnosed benign entity that responds very well to conservative treatment. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially in healthy adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kahn
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Abstract
The symptom of chest pain in the athlete can represent anything from a nonspecific musculoskeletal strain to a life-threatening condition such as tension pneumothorax. For the physician charged with evaluating this patient population, a thorough knowledge of the possible etiologies, their usual diagnostic algorithms, available imaging modalities, and potential therapeutic options is essential. Although the vast majority of patients with traumatic chest pain will not harbor significant pathology, the clinician must be prepared for those few who do have such conditions, and be prepared to intervene in an appropriate, time-sensitive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Perron
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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24
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Curley KJ, Dorshimer GW, Bartolozzi AR, Deluca PF. Pneumomediastinum from sports-related trauma: key findings and recommendations. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2003; 31:31-4. [PMID: 20086439 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2003.01.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pneumomediastinum can result from blunt chest trauma in sports. Diagnosis is made using chest radiography. The natural history of isolated pneumomediastinum is benign; however, it can be associated with more serious injuries, such as disruption of the tracheobronchial tree or a perforated digestive viscus. Patients with isolated pneumomediastinum should be monitored with serial chest radiographs. Patients may return to full activity once their chest radiographs have returned to normal, they exhibit no symptoms, and they have regained their stamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Curley
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Pneumothorax can be spontaneous, traumatic or iatrogenic. Pneumothorax ex vacuo, sports-related pneumothorax and barotrauma unrelated to mechanical ventilation are interesting and newer entities. Management consists of getting rid of the air and prevention of recurrence of pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Karnik
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA
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27
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Abstract
Spontaneous and traumatic pneumothoraces are rare conditions found occasionally in athletes. Although generally not life-threatening, these conditions can be fatal if not appropriately diagnosed and managed. Expedient diagnosis depends on a thorough understanding of possible presenting signs and symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, and diminished breath sounds. A chest radiograph may be required for definitive diagnosis. Management depends on the size, stability, and type of pneumothorax and may include serial monitoring, tube thoracostomy, pleurodesis, or apical resection. Return-to-play guidelines after pneumothorax have not been previously published. We present recomendations based on a review of published case reports, our clinical experience, and communication with North American sports medicine providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Curtin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Abstract
A 27-year-old weight lifter developed mild chest pain and dyspnea after 'bouncing' a 250-lb barbell off his chest. A plain radiograph revealed a large, right-sided pneumothorax with collapse of the lung. He underwent an emergency tube thoracostomy. One month later, he resumed lifting without recurrence. This case report demonstrates the need to be responsive to dyspnea and chest pain in healthy, young athletes. Pneumothorax in sports is uncommon, but cases of spontaneous and trauma-induced pneumothorax have been reported. Initial symptoms may be minimal, but prompt recognition can help prevent respiratory and cardiovascular compromise. Treatment depends in part on the size of the pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ciocca
- The James A. Taylor Student Health Service, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7470, USA
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Kizer KW, MacQuarrie MB. Pulmonary air leaks resulting from outdoor sports. A clinical series and literature review. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27:517-20. [PMID: 10424224 DOI: 10.1177/03635465990270041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pulmonary air leaks consequent to recreational sports is considered to be rare. We performed a retrospective records review for cases of pulmonary air leaks for the 5-year period 1993 to 1997 at a community hospital that serves a popular tourist destination area having intense year-round outdoor recreational activities. We identified 20 patients who had sustained a spontaneous or traumatic pulmonary air leak while engaged in an outdoor sport. All but one case (95%) were due to blunt chest trauma. A total of nine different sports were involved, but the majority of cases (11, or 55%) occurred during skiing or snowboarding. Three (15%) patients died. Nine (53%) of the surviving 17 patients sustained injuries serious enough to require hospitalization for tube thoracostomy and other trauma care. We concluded that pulmonary air leaks due to blunt chest trauma occur more frequently in outdoor sports than the literature suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kizer
- Emergency Department, Tahoe Forest Hospital, Truckee, California, USA
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