Comparative outcomes of robotic surgery vs conventional sternotomy for cardiac myxoma excision: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Study characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Study design	Patients (n)	Age (mean ± SD)	Male (%)	Hypertension (%)	Diabetes mellitus (%)
Kadiroğulları et al[10], 2020	Turkey	Observational Study	Robotic: 16; Sternotomy: 30	Robotic: 53.2 ± 11.9; Sternotomy: 54.7 ± 13.2	Robotic: 68.7; Sternotomy: 43.3	Robotic: 37.5; Sternotomy: 50	Robotic: 12.5; Sternotomy: 23.3
Kesävuori et al[16],2015	United Kingdom (London)	Observational Study	Robotic: 9; Sternotomy: 18	Robotic: 58.8 ± 12.9; Sternotomy: 59.4 ± 11.3	Robotic: 44; Sternotomy: 22	Robotic: 11; Sternotomy: 22	Robotic: 11; Sternotomy: 0
Li and Gao[18], 2017	China	Observational Study	Robotic: 60; Sternotomy: 60	Robotic: 51.9 ± 12.3; Sternotomy: 50.7 ± 13.5	Robotic: 41.7; Sternotomy: 39.2	Robotic: 18.3; Sternotomy: 11.2	Robotic: 8.3; Sternotomy: 4.8
Liu et al[17], 2024	China	Observational Study	Robotic: 30; Sternotomy: 64	Robotic: 52.3 ± 15.3; Sternotomy: 54.5 ± 13.2	Robotic: 43; Sternotomy: 31	Robotic: 10; Sternotomy: 15.6	Robotic: 6.7; Sternotomy: 10.9
Schilling et al[20], 2012	United States (Ohio)	Observational Study	Robotic: 16; Sternotomy: 29	Robotic: 53.1 ± 15.2; Sternotomy: 58.8 ± 11.4	Robotic: 31; Sternotomy: 28	Not reported	Robotic: 6; Sternotomy: 28
Yang et al[19], 2015	China	Observational Study	Robotic: 49; Sternotomy: 44	Robotic: 47.7 ± 13.0; Sternotomy: 51.2 ± 12.1	Robotic: 48.9; Sternotomy: 40.9	Robotic: 16.3; Sternotomy: 25	Robotic: 10.2; Sternotomy: 15.9