Acute myocardial infarction in the young: A 3-year retrospective study

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of study participants, n (%)

Parameter	Value
Age (mean ± SD) (years)	35.9 ± 3.38
Sex
Male	88 (96.7)
Female	3 (3.3)

Total participants (n): 91.

Table 2 Body mass index summary, n (%)

Category (kg/m2)
Underweight (< 18.5)	0
Healthy (18.5-24.9)	19 (20.87)
Overweight (25-29.9)	32 (35.16)
Obese (> 30)	40 (43.9)
Body mass index (mean ± SD)	30.7 ± 5.8

Table 3 Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, n (%)

Risk factor	Measure
Hypertension	Yes	24 (26.37)
	No	67 (73.63)
DM	Yes	30 (32.97)
	No	61 (67.03)
Type 1 DM		2 (2.2)
Type 2 DM		28 (30.76)
Newly diagnosed DM		8 (8.79)
Dyslipidemia	Yes	63 (69.23)
	No	28 (30.76)
Newly diagnosed dyslipidemia		25 (39.68)
Smoking status	Yes	45 (49.45)
	No	46 (50.54)
Family history of ischemic heart disease	Yes	19 (20.88)
	No	72 (79.12)

Total participants (n): 91. DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 4 Patient diagnosis on admission, n (%)

Cause of admission	Measure
STEMI	Yes	52 (57.1)
	No	39 (42.86)
Anterior STEMI		35 (38.46)
Inferior STEMI		16 (17.58)
Lateral STEMI		1 (1.1)
Non-STEMI	Yes	39 (42.86)
	No	52 (57.1)

Total participants (n): 91. STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Table 5 Echocardiographic findings, n (%)

Parameter
Segmental wall motion
Normal	17 (18.68)
Inferior/posterior hypokinesia	20 (21.98)
Anterior-septal hypokinesia	9 (10.99)
Apical akinesia	6 (6.59)
Anterior and apical hypokinesia	20 (21.98)
Global hypokinesia	12 (13.19)
Lateral hypokinesia	6 (6.59)
Ejection fraction range (mean ± SD)	47.8% ± 12.92%

Total participants (n): 91.

Table 6 Coronary angiography findings, n (%)

Parameter		n = 91
LM	Normal	86 (94.51)
	Significant lesion	4 (4.4)
	Total occlusion (dissection)	1 (1.1)
LAD	Normal	20 (21.98)
	Significant lesion	23 (25.28)
	Non-significant lesion	12 (13.19)
	Total occlusion	18 (19.78)
	Subtotal occlusion	9 (9.89)
	Thrombus	4 (4.39)
	Bridge	3 (3.3)
	Total D1	2 (2.2)
LCX	Normal	51 (56.04)
	Significant lesion	16 (17.58)
	Non-significant lesion	18 (19.78)
	Total occlusion	3 (3.3)
	Subtotal occlusion	2 (2.2)
	Dissection	1 (1.1)
RCA	Normal	41 (45.05)
	Significant lesion	11 (12.09)
	Non-significant lesion	20 (21.98)
	Total occlusion	9 (9.89)
	Subtotal occlusion	8 (8.79)
	Thrombus	2 (2.2)
Ramus	Normal	86 (94.51)
	Significant lesion	1 (1.1)
	Non-significant lesion	4 (4.4)
		n = 79
Culprit artery	LAD	51 (56.04)
	RCA	17 (18.68)
	LCX	11 (12.09)
		n = 84
Frequency of affected vessels	Single vessel disease	66 (72.53)
	Two vessel disease	8 (8.79)
	Three vessel disease	5 (5.49)
	LM + three vessel disease	4 (4.4)
	LM + two vessel disease	1(1.1)

LAD: Left anterior descending artery; LCX: Left circumflex artery; LM: Left main; RCA: Right coronary artery.

Table 7 Coronary angiography final diagnosis, n (%)

Final diagnosis	n = 91
Obstructive CAD	76 (83.51)
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries	13 (14.28)
Non-obstructive CAD	5 (5.5)
Normal coronary	6 (6.59)
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy	1 (1.1)
Aortic valve insufficiency induced cardiomyopathy	1 (1.1)
Coronary artery dissection	2 (2.2)
With no obstructive lesion	1 (1.1)
With obstructive lesion	1 (1.1)

CAD: Coronary artery disease.

Table 8 Management strategies, n (%)

Conclusion		n = 91
Intervention		78 (85.71)
PCI	Total number	68 (74.72)
	PCI with 1 DES	57 (62.64)
	PCI with 2 DES	6 (6.59)
	PCI with 3 DES	1 (1.1)
	PCI with 5 DES	1 (1.1)
	PCI with 1 DES and 1 DEB	1 (1.1)
	PCI with 2 DES and 1 DEB	1 (1.1)
	PCI with 1 DES and 3 DEB	1 (1.1)
Thrombus aspiration		2 (2.2)
Open heart surgery	Total number	8 (8.79)
	MVD for CABG	6 (6.59)
	MVD for CABG + AVR	1 (1.1)
	AVR and Bentall procedure	1 (1.1)
Medical treatment		6 (6.6)
Normal coronaries		7 (7.7)

AVR: Aortic valve replacement; CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft; DEB: Drug eluting balloon; DES: Drug eluting stent; MVD: Multi vessel disease; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 9 Summary of patient characteristics, n (%)

Parameter	Value (n = 91)
Age (years, mean ± SD)	35.9 ± 3.4
Male	88 (96.7)
Body mass index (kg/m²) (mean ± SD)	30.7 ± 5.8
Obese (> 30)	40 (43.9)
Overweight (25–29.9)	32 (35.2)
Risk factors
Hyperlipidemia	63 (69.2)
Smoking	45 (49.5)
Diabetes mellitus	30 (33.0)
Hypertension	24 (26.4)
Family history of CAD	18 (20.9)
Presentation
STEMI	52 (57.1)
Non-STEMI	39 (42.9)
Coronary angiography findings
Obstructive CAD	76 (83.51)
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries	13 (14.28)
Coronary artery dissection	2 (2.2)
Management
Percutaneous intervention	70 (76.92)
Surgery	8 (8.79)
Medical treatment	6 (6.6)
Normal coronaries	7 (7.7)

CAD: Coronary artery disease; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction.