Efficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare

Figure 1 Elaborates the molecular aspects of the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists at cellular level. cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.

Figure 2 The biological effects and cardiometabolic benefits of glucagon-like peptide 1. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; CVD: Cardiovascular disease.

Figure 3 The biological effects and cardiometabolic benefits of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. CVD: Cardiovascular disease; GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.

Figure 4  The biological effects and cardiometabolic benefits of glucagon.

Figure 5  The biological effects and cardiometabolic benefits of amylin.

Figure 6 Flow chart showing different incretin agonists in combinations and the drug molecules in use/under development. GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.

Figure 7 Flow chart showing the drug combinations of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists with amylin receptor agonists and peptide YY agonists, the available drug molecules in use/under development. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.

Figure 8 Stages of development of various incretin agonists. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; LAR: Long-acting release.