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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Biol Chem. Nov 27, 2020; 11(3): 76-98
Published online Nov 27, 2020. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i3.76
Published online Nov 27, 2020. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i3.76
Current understanding of glucose transporter 4 expression and functional mechanisms
Tiannan Wang, Xinge Hu, Guo-Xun Chen, Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
Jing Wang, Xian-Ju Huang, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
Author contributions: Wang T, Wang J and Hu X conducted the PubMed Search; Wang T, Wang J, Hu X, Huang XJ and Chen GX outlined and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to report.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Guo-Xun Chen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Room 229 Jessie Harris Building, 1215 West Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN 37996, United States. gchen6@utk.edu
Received: June 26, 2020
Peer-review started: June 26, 2020
First decision: August 9, 2020
Revised: August 22, 2020
Accepted: September 22, 2020
Article in press: September 22, 2020
Published online: November 27, 2020
Peer-review started: June 26, 2020
First decision: August 9, 2020
Revised: August 22, 2020
Accepted: September 22, 2020
Article in press: September 22, 2020
Published online: November 27, 2020
Core Tip
Core Tip: Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) can be detected not only in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes, but also in the brain and heart. In addition to the translocation from vesicles in the cytosol to the cell membrane by insulin, the expression levels of Slc2a4 mRNA and GLUT4 proteins are also regulated by many factors. A variety of methods and antibodies from various sources have been used to evaluate GLUT4 expression and translocation.