Functional analysis of human Na+/K+-ATPase familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine mutations expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Abstract

AIM: Functional characterization of ATP1A2 mutations that are related to familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine (FHM2, SHM).

METHODS: cRNA of human Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₂- and β₁-subunits were injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes. FHM2 or SHM mutations of residues located in putative α/β interaction sites or in the α₂-subunit’s C-terminal region were investigated. Mutants were analyzed by the two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) technique on Xenopus oocytes. Stationary K⁺-induced Na⁺/K⁺ pump currents were measured, and the voltage dependence of apparent K⁺ affinity was investigated. Transient currents were recorded as ouabain-sensitive currents in Na⁺ buffers to analyze kinetics and voltage-dependent pre-steady state charge translocations. The expression of constructs was verified by preparation of plasma membrane and total membrane fractions of cRNA-injected oocytes.

RESULTS: Compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutants G900R and E902K showed no significant differences in the voltage dependence of K⁺-induced currents, and analysis of the transient currents indicated that the extracellular Na⁺ affinity was not affected. Mutant G855R showed no pump activity detectable by TEVC. Also for L994del and Y1009X, pump currents could not be recorded. Analysis of the plasma and total membrane fractions showed that the expressed proteins were not or only minimally targeted to the plasma membrane. Whereas the mutation K1003E had no impact on K⁺ interaction, D999H affected the voltage dependence of K⁺-induced currents. Furthermore, kinetics of the transient currents was altered compared to the wild-type enzyme, and the apparent affinity for extracellular Na⁺ was reduced.

CONCLUSION: The investigated FHM2/SHM mutations influence protein function differently depending on the structural impact of the mutated residue.

Keywords: Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Electrophysiology, Voltage dependence, Familial hemiplegic migraine, C-terminus, β-subunit

Core tip: Mutations of the human ATP1A2 gene, which encodes the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₂-subunit, are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM2) that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. We studied seven ATP1A2 mutations related to FHM2 or sporadic hemiplegic migraine by electrophysiological and biochemical methods to characterize functional impairments. The mutations G855R, G900R, E902K, L994del, D999H, K1003E and Y1009X were selected according to their structural importance: in putative interaction sites between α- and β-subunit and in the α-subunit’s C-terminal region. Some of these mutations showed a severe loss of function, and we discuss the functional and physiological consequences in order to better understand the molecular basis for neurological impairments.