Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of primary alpha-fetoprotein–positive hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report

Table 1 Summary of reported cases of alpha-fetoprotein–positive hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder

Reference	Cases (n)	Age (years)	Sex (male/female)	Underlying disease	Frozen diagnosis (correct/total)	Rapid IHC used	Final pathology confirmation
Sakamoto et al[18], 2004	1	58	Male	Gallbladder stones	1/1	No	AFP(+), Hepatocyte(+)
Lin et al[19], 2008	1	62	Female	Chronic cholecystitis	1/1	No	AFP(+), CK19(+)
Shi et al[20], 2016	1	55	Male	Gallbladder stones	1/1	No	AFP(+), GPC3(+)
Karayiannakis et al[21], 2012	1	64	Male	Gallbladder stones	1/1	No	AFP(+), Hepatocyte(+)
Li et al[8], 2023	4	38-68	3/1	Gallbladder stones (3), none (1)	4/4	Yes (2 cases)	AFP(+), CK19(+), GPC3(+)
Shu et al[22], 2024	1	70	Male	Gallbladder stones	1/1	No	AFP(+), Hepatocyte(+)
Zhang et al[23], 2023	2	45, 60	1/1	Gallbladder stones (1), none (1)	1/2	No	AFP(+), CK19(+)
Yang et al[24], 2014	1	59	Male	Chronic cholecystitis	1/1	No	AFP(+), GPC3(+)
Si et al[25], 2017	1	47	Female	Gallbladder stones	1/1	No	AFP(+), Hepatocyte(+)
Present case	1	61	Female	None	1/1	No	AFP(+), GPC3(+), SALL4(+), Arg-1(+)
Total	14	38-70	9/5	Gallbladder stones (19), cholecystitis (2), none (3)	13/14 (92.86%)	Yes in 2 cases	AFP(+) in all cases

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; Arg-1: Arginase-1; CK19: Cytokeratin 19; GPC3: Glypican-3; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; SALL4: Spalt-like transcription factor 4.