Clinical application of personalized biodegradable anastomotic stent via preoperative intestinal three-dimensions reconstruction in laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer

Table 1 Baseline data of the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Item	Study group (n = 41)	Control group (n = 41)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Gender			0.051	0.822
Male	24 (58.54)	25 (60.98)
Female	17 (41.46)	16 (39.02)
Age (years)	60.31 ± 5.74	61.52 ± 6.15	0.921	0.360
BMI (kg/m2)	23.86 ± 2.17	24.05 ± 2.31	0.384	0.702
ASA classification			0.058	0.810
Grade II	29 (70.73)	28 (68.29)
Grade III	12 (29.27)	13 (31.71)
Clinical stage			0.005	0.996

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Perioperative indicators in the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Item	Study group (n = 41)	Control group (n = 41)	t/adjusted χ2	P value
Stoma duration (minute)	147.31 ± 12.64	139.27 ± 11.83	4.453	0.000
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	72.56 ± 5.47	73.08 ± 5.32	0.436	0.664
Number of harvested lymph nodes	15.19 ± 2.05	14.87 ± 2.13	0.693	0.490
Conversion to open surgery	2 (4.88)	3 (7.32)	0.000	1.000

Table 3 Postoperative recovery status in the two groups, mean ± SD (hours)

Item	Study group (n = 41)	Control group (n = 41)	t	P value
Time to first bowel sound recovery	24.18 ± 3.32	29.31 ± 3.47	6.840	< 0.001
Time to first flatus	32.74 ± 3.59	38.45 ± 4.02	6.784	< 0.001
Time to first oral intake	48.63 ± 3.92	52.37 ± 4.15	4.195	< 0.001
Time to first ambulation	29.13 ± 2.56	34.28 ± 2.41	9.379	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of anastomotic-related complications between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Anastomotic leakage	Bleeding	Infection	Stricture	Total incidence
Study group (n = 41)	1 (2.44)	0 (0.00)	1 (2.44)	0 (0.00)	2 (4.88)
Control group (n = 41)	4 (9.76)	1 (2.44)	2 (4.88)	2 (4.88)	9 (21.95)
χ2					5.145
P value					0.023

Table 5 Postoperative inflammatory response levels in the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	WBC (× 109/L)		CRP (mg/L)		PCT (ng/mL)		IL-6 (pg/mL)
	Postoperative 1 day	Postoperative 3 days	Postoperative 1 day	Postoperative 3 days	Postoperative 1 day	Postoperative 3 days	Postoperative 1 day	Postoperative 3 days
Study group (n = 41)	11.27 ± 2.04	7.12 ± 1.56	46.63 ± 5.87	27.14 ± 3.29	0.36 ± 0.08	0.14 ± 0.03	86.91 ± 7.23	31.25 ± 4.13
Control group (n = 41)	12.49 ± 2.13	8.81 ± 4.73	61.25 ± 7.42	32.51 ± 3.85	0.51 ± 0.11	0.28 ± 0.05	101.32 ± 9.45	50.35 ± 6.29
t	2.649	2.173	9.895	6.790	7.062	15.374	7.755	16.253
P value	0.010	0.033	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; IL: Interleukin.

Table 6 Follow-up outcomes in both groups, mean ± SD (point)

Group	Wexner anal incontinence score		LARS grade
	Postoperative 6 months	Postoperative 12 months	Postoperative 6 months	Postoperative 12 months
Study group (n = 41)	8.41 ± 1.64	6.42 ± 1.35	24.51 ± 4.12	17.55 ± 2.36
Control group (n = 41)	9.36 ± 1.82	7.17 ± 1.22	27.83 ± 4.63	19.28 ± 2.73
t	2.483	2.639	3.430	3.070
P value	0.015	0.010	0.001	0.003

LARS: Low anterior resection syndrome.