Changes in liver and spleen stiffness after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and their relationship with prognosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

Parameter	All	Survival	Death	P value
Age, years	56.8 ± 11.8	55.4 ± 10.5	64.1 ± 15.6	0.018
Gender				0.335
Male	35 (46.1)	31 (48.4)	4 (33.3)
Female	41 (53.9)	33 (51.6)	8 (66.7)
Cause of disease				0.09
Viral	25 (32.9)	21 (32.8)	4 (33.3)
Alcoholic	13 (17.1)	12 (18.8)	1 (8.3)
Immunological	24 (31.6)	17 (26.6)	7 (58.3)
Other	14 (18.4)	14 (21.9)	0 (0.0)
Child-Pugh score	7.7 ± 1.6	7.6 ± 1.6	8.5 ± 1.5	0.069
MELD score	11.1 ± 7.4	10.4 ± 5.9	14.6 ± 12.6	0.074
MELD-Na	13.7 ± 16.8	11.2 ± 6.4	27.0 ± 38.2	0.002
ALT, U/L	25.5 ± 23.9	25.2 ± 25.2	27.1 ± 16.1	0.806
AST, U/L	37.4 ± 31.8	36.6 ± 32.8	41.7 ± 26.7	0.614
ALB, g/L	38.6 ± 11.8	38.5 ± 11.7	39.1 ± 12.5	0.887
TBIL, μmol/L	29.2 ± 18.1	28.2 ± 17.9	34.9 ± 19.3	0.244
WBC, × 109/L	3.7 ± 2.6	3.7 ± 2.8	3.6 ± 1.3	0.876
RBC, × 109/L	3.2 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.4	0.220
HGB, g/L	93.0 ± 24.4	93.4 ± 25.9	90.6 ± 14.1	0.716
PLT, × 109/L	89.4 ± 66.6	89.2 ± 67.1	90.5 ± 66.9	0.950
INR	2.9 ± 10.1	2.1 ± 6.8	7.2 ± 20.2	0.112
Blood ammonia, μmol/L	19.6 ± 7.4	18.7 ± 7.5	24.4 ± 5.1	0.019
OHE				0.522
Yes	14 (18.4)	53 (82.8)	9 (81.6)
No	62 (81.6)	11 (17.2)	3 (18.4)
PPG, mmHg	23.9 ± 6.3	23.8 ± 6.5	24.1 ± 5.4	0.913
Liver STQ, kPa	23.5 ± 11.7	21.7 ± 8.8	34.1 ± 19.5	< 0.001
Spleen STQ, kPa	32.3 ± 10.9	32.2 ± 10.7	33.1 ± 12.2	0.795
Hyaluronidase, ng/mL	506.3 ± 589.9	473.4 ± 566.7	696.4 ± 717.5	0.299
Type III procollagen, ng/mL	15.2 ± 7.1	15.1 ± 7.2	16.3 ± 6.6	0.641
Type IV collagen, ng/mL	155.9 ± 63.9	148.7 ± 58.8	197.5 ± 79.3	0.033
Laminin, ng/mL	110.2 ± 71.5	101.8 ± 60.8	158.8 ± 107.9	0.026

Data are the mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range). MELD score: Model for end-stage liver disease score; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total Bilirubin; WBC: White blood cells; RBC: Red blood cells; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; INR: International normalized ratio; OHE: Overt hepatic encephalopathy; PPG: Preoperative portal pressure gradient; STQ: Sound touch quantify.

Table 2 Cox regression analyses the risk factors of prognosis for patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age, year	1.070 (1.012, 1.131)	0.017	1.063 (0.997, 1.133)	0.060
Gender, male	1.744 (0.525, 5.792)	0.364
Child-Pugh score	1.378 (0.990, 1.919)	0.057
Blood ammonia, μmol/L	1.093 (1.013, 1.179)	0.022
OHE	1.606 (0.435, 5.936)	0.477
Liver STQ, kPa	1.071 (1.032, 1.111)	< 0.001	1.051 (1.009, 1.095)	0.018
Spleen STQ, kPa	1.008 (0.954, 1.065)	0.776

HR: Hazard ratio; OHE: Overt hepatic encephalopathy; STQ: Sound touch quantify.