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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jun 27, 2025; 17(6): 104729
Published online Jun 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i6.104729
Published online Jun 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i6.104729
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population, n (%)
Characteristics | Overall (n = 1064) |
Age | |
< 60 | 558 (52.4) |
≥ 60 | 506 (47.6) |
Gender | |
Male | 660 (62) |
Female | 404 (38) |
BMI, median (IQR) | 23.24 (21.22, 25.38) |
Diseases | |
Biliary tract cancer | 362 (34) |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 338 (31.8) |
Benign disease | 301 (28.3) |
Other malignant disease | 63 (5.9) |
Liver cirrhosis | |
Yes | 381 (35.8) |
No | 683 (64.2) |
Major hepatectomy | |
Yes | 594 (55.8) |
No | 470 (44.2) |
Caudate lobectomy | |
Yes | 266 (25) |
No | 798 (75) |
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | |
Yes | 11 (1) |
No | 1053 (99) |
Portal vein reconstruction | |
Yes | 90 (8.5) |
No | 974 (91.5) |
Hepatic vein reconstruction | |
Yes | 9 (0.8) |
No | 1055 (99.2) |
Bile duct resection | |
Yes | 390 (36.7) |
No | 674 (63.3) |
Operation time (minute), median (IQR) | 476 (328.75, 648) |
Blood loss (mL), median (IQR) | 300 (100, 500) |
Blood transfusion | |
Yes | 516 (48.5) |
No | 548 (51.5) |
Postoperative portal vein angle | |
≥ 100 | 403 (68.1) |
< 100 | 189 (31.9) |
Main portal vein diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 11 (9, 12) |
Pringle maneuver time (minute), median (IQR) | 56.18 (34.19, 84.27) |
Preoperative laboratory test | |
Platelet count (9 × 104/μL), median (IQR) | 195 (145, 260) |
PTINR, median (IQR) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) |
FDP (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 2.50 (2.50, 2.63) |
D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 0.38 (0.15, 0.88) |
Postoperative laboratory test | |
Platelet count (9 × 104/μL), median (IQR) | 157 (110, 209.25) |
PTINR, median (IQR) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.26) |
FDP (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 22.46 (13.35, 34.03) |
D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 8.20 (5.72, 13.08) |
Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis group and none post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis group
Characteristics | PH-PVT | Non-PH-PVT | P value | Method |
n | 42 | 1022 | ||
Age (n) | 0.534 | χ2 | ||
< 60 | 24 | 534 | ||
≥ 60 | 18 | 488 | ||
Gender (n) | 0.322 | χ2 | ||
Male | 23 | 637 | ||
Female | 19 | 385 | ||
BMI, median (IQR) | 23.05 (21.70, 25.22) | 23.24 (21.22, 25.39) | 0.944 | Wilcoxon |
Diseases (n) | 0.003 | Yates’ correction | ||
Biliary tract cancer | 25 | 337 | ||
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 10 | 328 | ||
Benign disease | 7 | 294 | ||
Other malignant disease | 0 | 63 | ||
Liver cirrhosis (n) | 0.098 | χ2 | ||
Yes | 10 | 371 | ||
No | 32 | 651 | ||
Major hepatectomy (n) | < 0.001 | χ2 | ||
Yes | 38 | 556 | ||
No | 4 | 466 | ||
Caudate lobectomy (n) | 0.046 | χ2 | ||
Yes | 16 | 250 | ||
No | 26 | 772 | ||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (n) | < 0.001 | Fisher test | ||
Yes | 6 | 5 | ||
No | 36 | 1017 | ||
Portal vein reconstruction (n) | < 0.001 | Yates’ correction | ||
Yes | 20 | 70 | ||
No | 22 | 952 | ||
Hepatic vein reconstruction (n) | 0.046 | Fisher test | ||
Yes | 2 | 7 | ||
No | 40 | 1015 | ||
Bile duct resection (n) | < 0.001 | χ2 | ||
Yes | 28 | 362 | ||
No | 14 | 660 | ||
Operation time (minute), median (IQR) | 667.5 (532.75, 750.75) | 469 (325, 637) | < 0.001 | Wilcoxon |
Blood loss (mL), median (IQR) | 400 (200, 600) | 250 (100, 500) | 0.005 | Wilcoxon |
Blood transfusion (n) | 0.016 | χ2 | ||
Yes | 28 | 488 | ||
No | 14 | 534 | ||
Postoperative portal vein angle | < 0.001 | χ2 | ||
≥ 100° | 16 | 387 | ||
< 100° | 22 | 167 | ||
Main portal vein diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 11 (10, 12) | 11 (9, 12) | 0.147 | Wilcoxon |
Pringle maneuver time (minute), median (IQR) | 69.69 (58.28, 119.49) | 55 (33.77, 83.90) | 0.001 | Wilcoxon |
Preoperative laboratory test | ||||
Platelet count (9 × 104/μL), median (IQR) | 175 (130, 255) | 195 (146, 260) | 0.318 | Wilcoxon |
PTINR, median (IQR) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.902 | Wilcoxon |
FDP (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 2.50 (2.50, 3.68) | 2.50 (2.50, 2.62) | 0.269 | Wilcoxon |
D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 0.56 (0.26, 2.00) | 0.36 (0.15, 0.86) | 0.017 | Wilcoxon |
Postoperative laboratory test | ||||
Platelet count (9 × 104/μL), median (IQR) | 113 (83, 168) | 158 (111, 212) | < 0.001 | Wilcoxon |
PTINR, median (IQR) | 1.24 (1.17, 1.40) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) | < 0.001 | Wilcoxon |
FDP (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 28.74 (21.44, 49.00) | 22.10 (13.15, 33.17) | 0.014 | Wilcoxon |
D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 11.04 (7.23, 16.60) | 8.13 (5.68, 12.80) | 0.004 | Wilcoxon |
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis of the risk factors for post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis
Characteristics | n | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
Disease | |||||
Benign disease | 301 | Reference | Reference | ||
Other malignant disease | 63 | 0.000 (0.000-Infinity) | 0.986 | 0.000 (0.000-Infinity) | 0.987 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 338 | 1.280 (0.481-3.407) | 0.620 | 1.416 (0.402-4.995) | 0.588 |
Biliary tract cancer | 362 | 3.116 (1.328-7.309) | 0.009 | 1.131 (0.376-3.400) | 0.827 |
Caudate lobectomy | |||||
No | 798 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 266 | 1.900 (1.003-3.600) | 0.049 | 0.585 (0.238-1.437) | 0.242 |
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | |||||
No | 1053 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 11 | 33.900 (9.884-116.268) | < 0.001 | 7.627 (1.390-41.842) | 0.019 |
Portal vein reconstruction | |||||
No | 974 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 90 | 12.364 (6.439-23.739) | < 0.001 | 6.119 (2.636-14.203) | < 0.001 |
Hepatic vein reconstruction | |||||
No | 1055 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 9 | 7.250 (1.459-36.014) | 0.015 | 2.314 (0.312-17.180) | 0.412 |
Bile duct resection | |||||
No | 674 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 390 | 3.646 (1.896-7.014) | < 0.001 | 1.169 (0.390-3.508) | 0.781 |
Operation time (minute) | 1064 | 1.003 (1.002-1.004) | < 0.001 | 1.000 (0.997-1.002) | 0.772 |
Blood loss (mL) | 1064 | 1.000 (1.000-1.001) | 0.238 | ||
Blood transfusion | |||||
No | 548 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 516 | 2.189 (1.139-4.206) | 0.019 | 0.627 (0.253-1.549) | 0.311 |
Pringle maneuver time (minute) | 1060 | 1.011 (1.005-1.016) | < 0.001 | 1.007 (0.998-1.016) | 0.111 |
Postoperative portal vein angle | |||||
≥ 100° | 403 | Reference | Reference | ||
< 100° | 189 | 3.185 (1.631-6.211) | < 0.001 | 2.457 (1.131-5.348) | 0.023 |
Preoperative laboratory test | |||||
D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1064 | 1.047 (0.951-1.153) | 0.347 | ||
Postoperative laboratory test | |||||
Platelet count (9 × 104/μL) | 1064 | 0.991 (0.986-0.996) | < 0.001 | 0.996 (0.990-1.002) | 0.242 |
PTINR | 1064 | 1.237 (1.032-1.483) | 0.022 | 2.191 (0.826-5.814) | 0.115 |
D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1064 | 1.027 (0.998-1.057) | 0.071 | ||
FDP (μg/mL) | 1064 | 1.005 (0.998-1.013) | 0.147 |
Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis of the risk factors for mortality of post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis
Characteristics | n | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
Age | |||||
< 60 | 24 | Reference | Reference | ||
≥ 60 | 18 | 7.857 (1.877-32.896) | 0.005 | 8.688 (1.774-42.539) | 0.008 |
Disease | |||||
Benign disease | 7 | Reference | |||
Biliary tract cancer | 25 | 6.500 (0.680-62.148) | 0.104 | ||
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 10 | 0.667 (0.035-12.839) | 0.788 | ||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | |||||
No | 36 | Reference | |||
Yes | 6 | 3.47 × 108 (0.000-Infinity) | 0.994 | ||
Portal vein reconstruction | |||||
No | 22 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 20 | 5.500 (1.361-22.223) | 0.017 | 6.182 (1.246-30.687) | 0.026 |
- Citation: Song JP, Xiao M, Ma JM, Zhang S, Yang LQ, Wang ZS, Xiang CH. Incidence, risk factors and outcomes for post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis: A retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(6): 104729
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i6/104729.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i6.104729