Whole-process case management effects on mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups [n (%), mean ± SD]

Item	Observation group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 30)	t/χ²	P value
Age (yr)	49.48 ± 9.25	50.83 ± 9.60	0.555	0.581
Sex			0.300	0.583
Male	19 (63.33)	21 (70.00)
Female	11 (36.67)	9 (30.00)
Child-Pugh grade			0.073	0.786
Grade A	20 (66.67)	19 (63.33)
Grade B	10 (33.33)	11 (36.67)
Education level			0.584	0.559
Junior high school or lower	14 (43.34)	13 (46.67)
Senior high school	12 (33.33)	10 (40.00)
University or higher	4 (23.33)	7 (13.33)
Pathological type			0.611	0.893
Hepatocellular carcinoma	4 (13.33)	5 (16.67)
Adenocarcinoma	20 (66.67)	21 (70.00)
Squamous cell carcinoma	4 (13.33)	3 (10.00)
Others	2 (6.67)	1 (3.33)
TNM stage			0.027	0.978
Ⅰ	2 (6.67)	3 (10.00)
Ⅱ	22 (73.33)	20 (66.67)
Ⅲ	6 (20.00)	7 (23.33)

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Comparison of anxiety and depression plus hope level between two groups (mean ± SD)

Item	Observation group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 30)	t/χ²	P value
HAMA
Pre-intervention	20.44 ± 6.57	19.83 ± 5.82	0.384	0.702
Post-intervention	8.15 ± 2.38a	10.09 ± 2.10a	3.359	0.001
HAMD
Pre-intervention	22.52 ± 6.63	22.98 ± 6.46	0.274	0.784
Post-intervention	9.45 ± 1.61a	11.93 ± 2.33a	4.776	< 0.001
HHI
Pre-intervention	20.98 ± 5.51	21.31 ± 6.01	0.225	0.822
Post-intervention	34.07 ± 5.40a	30.86 ± 5.39a	2.304	0.024

^aP < 0.05.

Note: Compared with pre-intervention. HAMA: Hamilton anxiety scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; HHI: Herth hope index.

Table 3 Comparison of self-care abilities assessment scale-revision in Chinese between two groups (mean ± SD)

Item	n	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	t	P value
Observation group	30	42.07 ± 8.42	58.55 ± 5.46	9.757	< 0.001
Control group	30	41.79 ± 7.12	53.94 ± 7.73	6.682	< 0.001
t		0.133	2.665
P value		0.894	0.009

Table 4 Comparison of symptom distress between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Item	Observation group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 30)	t/χ²	P value
Symptom distress in physiology
Pre-intervention	1.22 ± 0.53	1.25 ± 0.32	0.278	0.781
Post-intervention	0.82 ± 0.37a	1.05 ± 0.28a	2.668	0.009
Symptom distress in psychology
Pre-intervention	1.67 ± 0.39	1.78 ± 0.30	1.280	0.205
Post-intervention	1.09 ± 0.32a	1.29 ± 0.27a	2.630	0.011
Distress index
Pre-intervention	1.35 ± 0.42	1.44 ± 0.35	0.869	0.388
Post-intervention	0.96 ± 0.25a	1.21 ± 0.23a	3.863	< 0.003

^aP < 0.05.

Note: Compared with pre-intervention.

Table 5 Comparison of sleep quality and life quality (mean ± SD)

Item	PSQI		QLICP-LI
	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention
Observation group (n = 30)	13.35 ± 4.51	7.25 ± 2.27a	126.65 ± 17.07	165.89 ± 15.25a
Control group (n = 30)	13.27 ± 4.59	8.72 ± 2.79a	122.40 ± 16.67	145.05 ± 13.80a
t/χ²	0.063	2.239	0.977	5.550
P value	0.949	0.029	0.332	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

Note: Compared with pre-intervention. PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; QLICP-LI: Quality of life measurement scale for patients with liver cancer.