Acute pancreatitis and COVID-19: A literature review

Table 1 Case reports/series of acute pancreatitis and coronavirus disease 2019 infection

Ref.	Study design	Population, No.	Gender	Age (yr)	Co-morbidities	Symptoms on admission		AP etiology	AP severity	Local complications	Systemic complications	COVID-19 diagnosis	ICU	Mechanical ventilation
						Resp	GI
Kumar et al[30], 2020	Case report	1	F	67	HT, abdominal surgery	X	√	Unknown	(Moderately) severe1	Pancreatic necrosis	Respiratory dysfunction	NP swabRT-PCR2	√	X
Ibrahim et al[31], 2020	Case report	23	M	33	NA	√	√	Unknown	Severe	None	Respiratory and renal failureIleus	NP swabRT-PCR2	√	√
Elhence et al[24], 2020	Case series	5	F	31	NA	√	√	Biliary	Severe	Infected WON	Respiratory failure	NA4	NA	X
			M	40	Chronic alcoholism	√	√	Alcohol	Severe	Infected WON	Respiratory and renal failures	RT-PCR5	NA	X
			M	42	NA	√	√	Biliary	Severe	Infected WON	Respiratory failure	NA6	NA	NA
			NA	NA	NA	√	√	Unknown	Mild	X	NA	NA2	NA	NA
			NA	NA	NA	√	√	Unknown	Mild	X	NA	NA2	NA	NA
Cheung et al[32], 2020	Case report	1	M	38	None	X7	√	Unknown	Mild8	X	X	NP swab; RT-PCR2	X	NA
Brikman et al[33], 2020	Case report	1	M	61	None	√	√	Unknown	NA	X	NA	NP swab; RT-PCR9	NA	X
Liaquat et al[34], 2020	Case report	1	M	53	None	√	√	Type 1 AIP due to elevated IgG4 levels	Severe	Acute infected necrotic collection7	NA	NP swab; RT-PCR10	NA	X
Bokhari and Mahmood[35], 2020	Case report	1	M	32	None	√	√	Unknown	NA	Acute peripancreatic fluid collection	NA	RT-PCR11	X	NA
Gonzalo-Voltas et al[36], 2020	Case report	1	F	76	GERD, dislipidemia	√	√	Unknown	Mild	X	None	RT-PCR2	X	NA
Gadiparthi et al[28], 2020	Letter to editor	1	M	40	Obesity (grade II)	X	√	Metabolic (hypertriglyceridemia)	Moderately severe	Acute fluid collections	Respiratory	NP swab; RT-PCR2	√	X
Karimzadeh et al[37], 2020	Case report	1	F	65	HT, asthma	X	√	Unknown	NA	X	Respiratory failure	RT-PCR2	√	X
Pinte and Baicus[38], 2020	Letter to editor	1	M	47	None	√	X	Unknown	NA	X	NA	NA	NA	NA
Schepis et al[21], 2020	Case report	1	F	67	NA	X	√	Unknown	Moderately severe	Pseudocyst	NA	NP swab and pseudocyst fluid RT-PCR2	NA	NA
Miao et al[39], 2020	Letter to editor	1	F	26	None	X	√	Unknown	NA	X	NA	RT-PCR2	NA	NA
Aloysius et al[40], 2020	Case report	1	F	36	Obesity (grade II), chronic anxiety	√	√	Unknown	Severe	X	Respiratory	NP swab; RT-PCR12	√	X
Hadi et al[41], 2020	Case series	313	F	47	None	√	X	Unknown	Severe	X	Respiratory and renal failure	NP swab and tracheal aspirates RT-PCR2	√	√
			F	68	HT, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis	√	√	Unknown	Severe	NA	Respiratory and renal failure	NP swab and tracheal aspirates RT-PCR2	√	√
Anand et al[42], 2020	Letter to editor	1	F	59	Thrombophilia, cholecystectomy	√	X14	Unknown	NA	X	NA	RT-PCR15	X	NA
Meireles et al[43], 2020	Case report	1	F	36	CKD, HT	√	X	Unknown	NA	X	NA	NA16	X	NA

¹Respiratory disfunction not completely stratified.

²Cases are signaled with when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was established on the admission for acute pancreatitis (AP).

³Only one patient had diagnoses of AP.

⁴COVID-19 diagnosis made 62 d after AP onset.

⁵COVID-19 diagnosis made 34 d after AP onset.

⁶COVID-19 diagnosis made 91 d after AP onset.

⁷When presented to ED with AP (1 wk previously he was diagnosed with COVID-19, but no medical history is given).

⁸The patient was readmitted 1 wk after the initial episode. In both, he had a mild course with favorable evolution under conservative management.

⁹COVID-19 diagnosis established 14 d earlier to AP episode.

¹⁰On the 2^nd readmission due to autoimmune pancreatitis.

¹¹COVID-19 diagnosis established 1 wk before AP admission.

¹²COVID-19 diagnosis after AP admission.

¹³One patient without evidence of AP.

¹⁴Gastrointestinal symptoms present on readmission, but not on initial admission with COVID-19 complicated by streptococcal pneumonia.

¹⁵AP diagnosis established after COVID-19 diagnosis.

¹⁶AP diagnosis established 11 d after initial COVID-19 disease (on the 7^th day of admission).

AIP: Autoimmune pancreatitis; AP: Acute pancreatitis; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; F: Female; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GI: Gastrointestinal; HT: Arterial hypertension; ICU: Intensive care units; M: Male; NA: Not available; NP: Nasopharyngeal; Resp: Respiratory; RT-PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction.