Preoperative prehabilitation within enhanced recovery after surgery for postoperative frailty and functional recovery following laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection

Figure 1 Pre-rehabilitation application user interface. A: Example of the main interface module of the pre-rehabilitation application (app); B: Example of the training data monitoring interface of the pre-rehabilitation app; C: Example of the online question and answer interface of the pre-rehabilitation app.

Figure 2 Comparison of Fried Frailty Scores and incidence of Frailty. A: Bar chart of Fried scores for both groups; B: Sankey diagram of frailty incidence rates for both groups.

Figure 3 Comparison of patients’ motor function. A: Bar chart of 6-minute walk test scores for both groups; B: Bar chart of Berg Balance Scale scores for both groups. 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; BBS: Berg Balance Scale.

Figure 4 Comparison of inflammatory markers in patients. A: Bar chart of C-reactive protein levels in both groups; B: Bar chart of interleukin-6 levels in both groups; C: Bar chart of tumor necrosis factor-α levels in both groups; D: Bar chart of interferon-γ levels in both groups. CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ.

Figure 5 Comparison of patients’ quality of life. A: Bar chart of physical well-being scores for both groups; B: Bar chart of social/family well-being scores for both groups; C: Bar chart of emotional well-being scores for both groups; D: Bar chart of functional well-being scores for both groups; E: Bar chart of colorectal cancer-specific concerns scores for both groups; F: Bar chart of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal scores for both groups. PWB: Physical well-being; SFWB: Social/family well-being; EWB: Emotional well-being; FWB: Functional well-being; CCS: Colorectal cancer-specific concerns; FACT-C: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal.