Diagnostic yield and biopsy practice variability between gastroenterologists and general surgeons performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Ömer Küçükdemirci, Department of Gastroenterology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye
Ömer Küçükdemirci, Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye
Sumru Cagaptay, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir 34035, Türkiye
Sumru Cagaptay, Department of Pathology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye
Berk Bas, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09000, Türkiye
Author contributions: Küçükdemirci Ö conceived and designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, interpreted the findings, drafted the manuscript, and performed critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; Cagaptay S and Bas B contributed to data interpretation and critical revision of the manuscript; Cagaptay S contributed to the preparation and revision of the histopathology-related sections of the manuscript; Bas B contributed to literature review. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
AI contribution statement: ChatGPT (OpenAI) was used solely for language refinement of selected sections of the manuscript. No part of the main text was generated by artificial intelligence. AI was not involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of the results, or preparation of the figures. No AI-generated images were used in this manuscript. All AI-assisted text was carefully reviewed and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the scientific content of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was approved by the Hakkari University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (approval No. 2025/213).
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional, ethical, and legal restrictions related to patient confidentiality. De-identified data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to approval by the relevant institutional authorities.
Corresponding author: Ömer Küçükdemirci, MD, Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Hakkari State Hospital, Dağgöl, Gençlik Cd. No. 2, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye.
drkucukdemirci@yahoo.com
Received: May 15, 2026
Revised: June 17, 2026
Accepted: June 29, 2026
Published online: September 27, 2026
Processing time: 121 Days and 16.6 Hours
