Liver transplantation for combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: Current evidence, selection criteria, and therapeutic controversies

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i5.105783

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May 27, 2025 (publication date) through May 23, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2025; 17(5): 105783
Published online May 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i5.105783

Liver transplantation for combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: Current evidence, selection criteria, and therapeutic controversies

Rui-Quan Zhou, Pei-Jun Yang, Tian-Tong Liu, Dong-Dong Han, Xiao-Lei Liu, Li-Guo Liu, Shuang Si, Shi-Wei Yang, Shuai-Shuai Xu, Yi-Wen Guo, Hai-Dong Tan

Rui-Quan Zhou, Pei-Jun Yang, Tian-Tong Liu, Dong-Dong Han, Xiao-Lei Liu, Li-Guo Liu, Shuang Si, Shi-Wei Yang, Shuai-Shuai Xu, Yi-Wen Guo, Hai-Dong Tan, Second Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China

Author contributions: Zhou RQ, Yang PJ, Liu TT, Xu SS, and Guo YW were responsible for the literature search and writing; Han DD, Liu XL, Liu LG, Si S, and Yang SW were responsible for the manuscript revision; Tan HD was responsible for the supervision and manuscript revision.

Supported by High-level Research Projects of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2022-NHLHCRF-LX-03-0301 and No. 2023-NHLHCRF-LXYZ-01.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Hai-Dong Tan, MD, Chief Physician, Second Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Beijing 100029, China. hpblt_cjfh@126.com

Received: February 8, 2025
Revised: March 9, 2025
Accepted: April 9, 2025
Published online: May 27, 2025
Processing time: 105 Days and 0.8 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive liver malignancy with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although surgical resection remains the primary curative approach, liver transplantation is emerging as a potential option for carefully selected patients, particularly those with early-stage tumors or cirrhosis. Adherence to stringent selection criteria, such as the Milan criteria, is crucial for optimizing post-transplant outcomes. Ongoing research aims to refine the selection framework and to improve prognostic accuracy.