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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2017; 8(8): 407-413
Published online Aug 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i8.407
Published online Aug 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i8.407
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of diabetic people referring to diabetes clinics of Tabriz, 2015
| Variable | Subgroups | n (%) |
| Age1 | ≤ 49 | 85 (21.6) |
| 59-50 | 147 (37.3) | |
| ≥ 60 | 162 (41.1) | |
| Gender | Male | 134 (34) |
| Female | 260 (66) | |
| Level education | Illiterate | 143 (36.3) |
| Primary school | 149 (37.8) | |
| Secondary school and higher | 102 (25.9) | |
| Marital status | Single | 45 (11.4) |
| Married | 349 (88.6) | |
| Occupation | Employed | 70 (17.8) |
| Housekeeper | 252 (63.9) | |
| Retired/other | 72 (18.3) | |
| Health insurance | Yes | 378 (95.9) |
| No | 16 (4.1) | |
| Household monthly income2 | < 500 | 25 (6.3) |
| 1000-500 | 199 (50.5) | |
| > 1000 | 170 (43.1) | |
| Smoking status | Yes | 40 (10.2) |
| No | 354 (89.8) |
Table 2 The status of different domains of health related quality of life according to the gender of diabetic people referring to diabetes clinics of Tabriz, 2015
| HRQOL dimensions | Total | Male | Female | P-value | |||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Physical health | 51.24 | 13.34 | 54.97 | 12.92 | 49.34 | 13.18 | < 0.001 |
| Psychological health | 60.38 | 14.54 | 65.26 | 13.30 | 57.88 | 14.54 | < 0.001 |
| Social relationship | 38.32 | 16.74 | 41.96 | 16.71 | 36.46 | 16.48 | 0.002 |
| Environmental | 58.48 | 10.48 | 59.64 | 11.13 | 57.88 | 10.10 | 0.115 |
| Total HRQOL score | 52.11 | 11.53 | 55.46 | 11.34 | 50.39 | 11.27 | < 0.001 |
Table 3 Different dimensions of health related quality of life according to the clinical aspects of diabetes among diabetic people referring to diabetes clinics of Tabriz, 2015
| Variable | Subgroups | n (%) | Physical health | Social relationship | Environmental | Psychological health | Total HRQOL |
| Gender | Male | 134 (34) | 54.97 (12.92) | 41.96 (16.71) | 59.65 (11.14) | 65.26 (13.30) | 55.46 (11.34) |
| Female | 260 (66) | 49.34 (13.18) | 36.46 (16.48) | 57.88 (10.11) | 57.88 (14.54) | 50.39 (11.27) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.115 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Age | ≤ 49 | 85 (21.6) | 58.65 (11.64) | 47.8 (17.59) | 61.64 (11.14) | 64.11 (16.15) | 58.8 (11.66) |
| 59-50 | 147 (37.3) | 52.36 (12.97) | 39.68 (15.17) | 59.71 (10.9) | 61.37 (14.71) | 53.28 (11.19) | |
| ≥ 60 | 162 (41.1) | 46.32 (12.53) | 32.08 (15.02) | 55.68 (9.01) | 57.5 (12.91) | 47.89 (10.11) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | |
| Education | Illiterate | 143 (36.3) | 44.56 (11.04) | 29.8 (13.21) | 54.34 (8.57) | 55.06 (12.25) | 45.94 (8.73) |
| Primary school | 149 (37.8) | 51.99 (12.93) | 40.25 (16.08) | 57.46 (10.13) | 59.79 (14.31) | 52.37 (10.87) | |
| Secondary school and higher | 102 (25.9) | 59.61 (11.92) | 47.55 (16.52) | 65.83 (9.7) | 68.77 (14.15) | 60.44 (10.68) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Income | Low (< 1000) | 224 (56.8) | 48.43 (12.82) | 35.44 (17.47) | 56.22 (9.98) | 57.9 (14.73) | 49.50 (11.39) |
| acceptable | 170 (43.2) | 54.23 (13.27) | 41.38 (15.41) | 60.86 (10.49) | 63 (13.9) | 54.86 (11.06) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Disease duration (yr) | ≥ 3 yr | 51 (12.9) | 56.12 (13.81) | 41.88 (16.86) | 61.7 (12.31) | 65.48 (14.81) | 56.29 (12.18) |
| 4-7 | 93 (23.6) | 51.09 (10.95) | 37.3 (16.15) | 57.52 (9.29) | 59.47 (12.48) | 51.34 (10.06) | |
| ≤ 7 yr | 250 (63.5) | 50.33 (13.89) | 38 (16.91) | 58.19 (10.43) | 59.7 (15.03) | 51.55 (11.78) | |
| P-value | - | 0.019 | 0.26 | 0.058 | 0.029 | < 0.001 | |
| < 25 | 72 (20.2) | 55.21 (12.90) | 42.08 (17.32) | 60.77 (12.09) | 64.36 (15.85) | 55.6 (12.53) | |
| 25-29.9 | 148 (41.6) | 54.2 (13.01) | 39.25 (15.68) | 59.2 (10.26) | 62.15 (14.22) | 53.7 (11.66) | |
| ≥ 30 | 136 (38.2) | 47.97 (12.85) | 35.27 (17.46) | 57.16 (9.98) | 58.23 (13.79) | 49.66 (11.08) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.052 | 0.008 | 0.001 | |
| HbA1c | < 7 | 180 (47.2) | 51.11 (12.70) | 38.02 (16.02) | 57.8 (10.84) | 60.1 (14.12) | 51.76 (11.07) |
| ≥ 7 | 201 (52.8) | 51.21 (14.01) | 37.96 (17.35) | 58.89 (10.25) | 60.83 (14.75) | 52.22 (12.05) | |
| P-value | - | 0.938 | 0.969 | 0.136 | 0.62 | 0.696 | |
| NORMAL | 195 (49.6) | 53.83 (10.78) | 38.33 (15.11) | 60.4 (9.57) | 64.73 (11.81) | 54.32 (9.74) | |
| Kessler psychological distress | MILD | 72 (18.3) | 52.01 (13.65) | 41.97 (18.03) | 57.47 (10.25) | 60.84 (12.61) | 53.07 (11.57) |
| MODERATE | 52 (2.13) | 50.96 (14.41) | 39.19 (19.07) | 58.57 (12.12) | 59.76 (16.61) | 52.12 (13.91) | |
| SEVER | 74 (18.8) | 43.9 (15.76) | 34.14 (17.23) | 54.33 (66.10) | 48.87 (15.22) | 45.31 (11.66) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | 0.042 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Functional limitation | No | 106 (26.9) | 61.25 (10.89) | 47.47 (15.85) | 63.05 (11.16) | 67.91 (14.37) | 59.92 (10.79) |
| Moderate | 78 (19.8) | 54.92 (11.51) | 44.34 (18.16) | 61.12 (9.62) | 64.79 (12.13) | 56.29 (10.18) | |
| Sever | 210 (53.3) | 44.8 (11.35) | 31.44 (13.25) | 55.17 (9.26) | 54.91 (13.17) | 46.58 (9.23) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Treatment | Oral medication | 223 (57.4) | 53.57 (12.59) | 38.69 (15.71) | 58.97 (10.37) | 61.69 (14.64) | 53.11 (11.09) |
| Oral medication + insulin injection | 164 (42.2) | 48.92 (13.64) | 37.82 (17.96) | 58.07 (10.55) | 58.78 (14.38) | 50.9 (11.97) | |
| P-value | - | 0.007 | 0.883 | 0.161 | 0.101 | 0.12 | |
| Comorbidities | No | 102 (25.9) | 58.93 (11.79) | 42.23 (18.29) | 63.37 (10.57) | 66.51 (14.82) | 57.76 (11.75) |
| 1 | 207 (52.5) | 50.82 (12.07) | 38.28 (16.42) | 57.56 (10.03) | 60.49 (13.19) | 51.79 (10.66) | |
| ≥ 2 | 85 (21.6) | 43.05 (12.99) | 33.74 (14.41) | 54.83 (9.39) | 52.75 (13.88) | 46.09 (10.09) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Table 4 Multivariate linear regression models of significant factors predicting health related quality of life domains among diabetic people referring to diabetes clinics of Tabriz, 2015
| HRQOL domains | Variables | B (SE) | Beta | P-value | 95%CI of B | Adjusted R2 | |
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Physical health | Education | 3.35 (0.83) | 0.198 | < 0.001 | 1.77 | 4.93 | 0.436 |
| BMI | -1.55 (0.75) | -0.087 | 0.039 | -3.12 | 0.07 | ||
| Functional limitation | -4.79 (0.77) | -0.229 | < 0.001 | -6.11 | -3.07 | ||
| Kessler psychological distress | -1.98 (0.46) | -0.174 | < 0.001 | -2.90 | -1.06 | ||
| Comorbidies | -4.05 (0.85) | -0.210 | < 0.001 | -5.73 | -2.37 | ||
| Social relationship | Age | -4.65 (1.2) | -0.212 | < 0.001 | -7.01 | -2.28 | 0.279 |
| Education | 5.3 (1.15) | 0.246 | < 0.001 | 3.03 | 7.56 | ||
| Functional limitation | -4.05 (1.11) | -0.208 | < 0.001 | -6.24 | -1.87 | ||
| Psychological health | Education | 3.52 (0.94) | 0.190 | < 0.001 | 1.67 | 5.38 | 0.353 |
| Functional limitation | -3.94 (0.9) | -0.234 | < 0.001 | -5.72 | -2.15 | ||
| Comorbidies | -3.72 (1.0) | -0.176 | < 0.001 | -5.69 | -1.75 | ||
| Kessler psychological distress | -3.96 (0.55) | -0.317 | < 0.001 | -5.04 | -2.88 | ||
| Environment | Education | 4.3 (0.73) | 0.318 | < 0.001 | 2.86 | 5.75 | 0.257 |
| Comorbidies | -2.37 (0.78) | -0.154 | 0.003 | -3.91 | -0.83 | ||
| Kessler psychological distress | -1.33 (0.43) | -0.135 | 0.004 | -2.07 | -0.38 | ||
| Functional limitation | -1.77 (0.7) | -0.145 | 0.012 | -3.17 | -0.38 | ||
| Income | 2.13 (1.02) | 0.101 | 0.037 | 0.12 | 4.14 | ||
| Total HRQOL score | Education | 4.12 (0.7) | 0.278 | < 0.001 | 2.73 | 5.5 | 0.433 |
| Functional limitation | -3.59 (0.67) | -0.267 | < 0.001 | -4.92 | -2.26 | ||
| Age | 1.48 (0.73) | -0.098 | 0.044 | -2.93 | -0.03 | ||
| Kessler psychological distress | -2.02 (0.41) | -0.203 | < 0.001 | 2.83 | -1.21 | ||
| Income | 1.98 (0.97) | 0.085 | 0.044 | 0.05 | 3.9 | ||
| Comorbidities | -2.41 (0.75) | -0.143 | 0.001 | -3.89 | -9.41 | ||
- Citation: Mamaghanian A, Shamshirgaran SM, Aiminisani N, Aliasgarzadeh A. Clinico-epidemiological factors of health related quality of life among people with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2017; 8(8): 407-413
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v8/i8/407.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v8.i8.407