Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2017; 8(6): 304-310
Published online Jun 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.304
Table 1 Biophysical and biochemical data of the study subjects
VariablesNormal weight (18-22.9 kg/m2) (n = 60)Overweight (23-25.9 kg/m2) (n = 60)Obese (>26 kg/m2) (n = 60)P value
Age (yr)26.21 ± 3.87625.76 ± 4.05927.30 ± 5.389NS
BMI (kg/m2)20.48 ± 1.3024.20 ± 0.91128.59 ± 3.341,2< 0.001
Body fat (%)19.26 ± 7.1728.70 ± 9.10134.89 ± 4.471,2< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)88.03 ± 10.5388.46 ± 7.691.9.26 ± 11.47< 0.001
Hip circumference (cm)77.69 ± 11.7884.43 ± 0.69100.41 ± 12.89< 0.001
WHR (cm)0.87 ± 0.050.871 ± 0.0540.91 ± 0.073< 0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)89.31 ± 15.23105.59 ± 12.501119.00 ± 25.711< 0.001
Insulin (uIU/mL)20.48 ± 7.9534.96 ± 4.47141.13 ± 7.811,2< 0.001
HOMA-IR4.70 ± 2.669.05 ± 1.34111.88 ± 2.811,2< 0.001
QUICKI0.31 ± 0.020.27 ± 0.0010.27 ± 0.011< 0.001
Cholesterol (mg/dL)145.72 ± 30.08147.44 ± 37.91209.06 ± 55.511,2< 0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)124.82 ± 43.92137.58 ± 65.60167.03 ± 55.991,2< 0.001
HDL(mg/dL)39.96 ± 9.3838.37 ± 8.0036.40 ± 6.40NS
LDL(mg/dL)75.43 ± 30.0379.57 ± 40.01134.78 ± 58.991,2< 0.001
TNFα (pg/mL)810 ± 12334455 ± 239014581 ± 21321< 0.001
IL-18 (ng/L)25.34 ± 6.5741.96 ± 4.50158.87 ± 8.591,2< 0.001
Table 2 Correlation of interleukin-18 with metabolic syndrome phenotypes
VariableUnadjusted rAdjusted r (age, BMI and body fat %)
Age (yr)0.302--
BMI (kg/m2)0.751--
Body fat (%)0.518--
Waist circumference (cm)0.3330.413
Hip circumference (cm)0.695-0.110NS
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)0.5590.376
Insulin (uIU/mL)0.6550.205NS
HOMA-IR0.6990.344
QUICKI-0.600-0.496
Cholesterol (mg/dL)0.5140.265
LDL(mg/dL)0.4640.245
TNFα0.5770.491
Table 3 Genotype frequency among study subjects
Genotype distribution
CCACAAP value
Normal weight272310< 0.001
Overweight112524
Obese122424
Allele frequency
A alleleC alleleOR (95%CI)P value
Normal weight42 (35.0)78 (65.0)--
Overweight47 (39.17)73 (60.83)2.81 (1.66-4.68)1< 0.001
Obese48 (40.00)72 (60.00)2.91 (1.72-4.94)2
Table 4 Stratification of study subjects according to genotype distribution
VariablesCC (n = 57)AC (n = 72)AA (n = 51)P value
BMI (kg/m2)23.36 ± 4.0524.60 ± 4.13725.25 ± 3.3510.05
Body fat (%)24.70 ±10.3028.70 ± 8.59229.31 ± 9.461< 0.001
Waist circumference(cm)92.78 ± 16.6196.48 ± 13.2197.32 ± 13.820.085
Hip circumference (cm)74.18 ± 4.2367.40 ±3.9964.51 ± 4.840.694
WHR (cm)0.88 ± 0.0690.88 ± 0.0610.89 ± 0.060.490
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)103.41 ± 23.43101.79 ± 21.01110.32 ± 21.97> 0.05
Insulin (uIU/mL)28.83 ± 11.9132.76 ± 11.39234.67 ± 9.6110.002
HOMA-IR7.75 ± 4.348.44 ± 3.719.47 ± 3.0010.007
QUICKI0.29 ± 0.020.28 ± 0.020.28 ± 0.0110.046
Cholesterol (mg/dL)161.01 ± 39.01165.12 ± 55.03177.42 ± 60.72> 0.05
Triglyceride (mg/dL)135.66 ± 42.29145.61 ± 61.45146.78 ± 64.08> 0.05
HDL(mg/dL)38.29 ± 8.8438.48 ± 56.3237.17 ± 6.75> 0.05
LDL(mg/dL)88.99 ± 5.38 (SEM)94.73 ± 6.63 (SEM)107.77 ± 7.89 (SEM)> 0.05
TNFα (pg/mL)2521 ± 353.9 (SEM)3403.08 ± 313.25 (SEM)3760.35 ± 336.551 (SEM)0.008
IL-18 (ng/L)37.16 ± 19.3543.00 ± 13.19246.311 ± 13.0710.001