Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes in Basrah

Table 1 Sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors of 1079 patients n (%)

Variable
Sex	Men	634 (58.8)
	Women	445 (41.2)
Age (yr)	mean ± SD	56.3 ± 11.37
	< 40	83 (7.7)
	40–49	220 (20.4)
	50–59	330 (30.6)
	≥ 60	41.3 (41.3)
Education (yr)	mean ± SD	6.0 ± 6.0
	Illiterate	455 (42.2)
	≤ 9	326 (30.2)
	≥ 10	298 (27.6)
Current smoking	Yes	270 (25.0)
	No	809 (75.0)
Duration of diabetes (yr)	mean ± SD	7.4 ± 6.5
	≤ 5	474 (43.9)
	6-10	361 (33.5)
	> 10	244 (22.6)
Known cardiovascular disease	Yes	173 (16.0)
	No	906 (83.9)
Hypertension	Yes	478 (44.3)
	No	601 (55.7)
WC (cm)	mean ± SD	100.2 ± 12.3
BMI	mean ± SD	28.0 ± 5.4
	< 25	318 (29.5)
	25-29	396 (36.7)
	≥ 30	365 (33.8)
Insulin use	Yes	290 (26.9)
	No	789 (73.1)
HbA1c (% total Hb)	mean ± SD	9.46 ± 2.0
	< 7	59 (5.5 )
	≥ 7	1020 (94.5)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	206.8 ± 42.6
	< 200	338 (31.3)
	≥ 200	741 (68.7)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	46.5 ± 13.0
	< 40	232 (21.5)
	≥ 40	847 (78.5)
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	122.6 ± 35.9
	< 100	172 (15.9)
	≥ 100	907 (84.1)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	193.5 ± 98.3
	< 150	306 (28.4)
	≥ 150	773 (71.6)

WC: Waist circumference; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c test; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Table 2 Sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors of 1079 patients according to gender n (%)

Variable		Men	Women	P value
Age (yr)	mean ± SD	56.6 ± 11.5	55.8 ± 11.0	0.276
	< 40	44 (53.0)	39 (47.0)	0.650
	40-49	133 (60.5)	87 (39.5)
	50-59	191 (57.9)	139 (42.1)
	≥ 60	266 (59.6)	180 (40.4)
Education (yr)	mean ± SD	8.2 ± 2.8	3.0 ± 4.7	< 0.0001
	Illiterate	160 (35.2)	295 (64.8)	< 0.0001
	≤ 9	228 (69.9)	98 (30.1)
	≥ 10	246 (82.6)	52 (17.4)
Current smoker	Yes	237 (87.8)	33 (12.2)	< 0.0001
Duration of diabetes (yr)	mean ± SD	7.6 ± 6.9	7.1101 ± 6.02	0.149
	≤ 5	267 (56.3)	207 (43.7)	0.314
	6-10	222 (61.5)	139 (38.5)
	> 10	145 (59.4)	99 (40.6)
Known cardiovascular disease		125 (72.3)	48 (27.7)	< 0.0001
Hypertension		265 (55.4)	213 (44.6)	0.048
WC (cm)	mean ± SD	100.15 ± 12.45	100.46 ± 12.16	0.681
BMI	mean ± SD	27.7 ± 5.0	28.5 ± 5.9	0.029
	< 25	190 (59.7)	128 (40.3)	0.193
	25-29	243 (61.4)	153 (38.6)
	≥ 30	201 (55.1)	164 (44.9)
Insulin use	Yes	129 (44.5)	161 (55.5)	< 0.0001
HbA1c (% total Hb)	mean ± SD	9.32 ± 2.0	9.61 ± 2.05	0.100
	< 7	35 (59.3)	24 (40.7)	0.928
	≥ 7	599 (58.7)	421 (41.3)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	206.2 ± 42.6	207.7 ± 42.6	0.658
	< 200	221 (65.4)	117 (34.6)	0.003
	≥ 200	413 (55.7)	328 (44.3)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	45.85 ± 14.58	47.76 ± 9.84	0.040
	< 40	173 (74.6)	59 (25.4)	< 0.0001
	≥ 40	461 (54.4)	386 (45.6)
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	122.2 ± 35.5	123.2 ± 36.5	0.723
	< 100	106 (61.6)	66 (38.4)	0.447
	≥ 100	528 (58.2)	379 (41.8)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	mean ± SD	201.0 ± 107.1	181.3 ± 80.60	0.004
	< 150	179 (58.5)	127 (41.5)	0.913
	≥ 150	455 (58.9)	318 (41.1)

WC: Waist circumference; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c test; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Percentages of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 1079) with cardiovascular risk factors outside target range

Variable (%)	Current smoking	Blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg)	HbA1c (≥7%)	LDL cholesterol (≥100 mg/dL)	HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL)
All	25.0	44.3	86.1	84.1	27.6
Gender
Men	37.4	41.8	84.4	83.3	32.8
Women	7.4	47.9	87.8	85.2	18.7
P value	< 0.0001	0.048	0.267	0.447	< 0.0001
Age (yr)
< 40	27.7	45.8	87.2	84.3	33.9
40-49	26.8	39.5	87.3	81.4	26.2
50-59	21.2	45.5	84.4	83.9	27.4
≥ 60	26.5	45.5	86.4	85.4	27.3
P value	0.291	0.469	0.905	0.610	0.727
Education (yr)
Illiterate	19.3	52.3	86.6	87.9	26.1
≤ 9	31.0	35.3	90.7	82.8	27.8
≥ 10	27.2	41.9	79.4	79.5	29.2
P value	0.001	< 0.0001	0.020	0.007	0.693
Duration (yr)
≤ 5	25.3	28.7	85.4	84.6	24.6
6-10	26.3	58.4	85.2	84.8	28.5
> 10	22.3	55.8	88.6	82.0	31.7
P value	0.545	< 0.0001	0.672	0.596	0.207
BMI (kg/m2)
< 25	25.8	31.1	84.0	84.9	28.4
25-29.9	23.2	47.0	84.6	81.6	26.6
≥ 30	26.3	52.9	89.7	86.0	27.9
P value	0.579	< 0.0001	0.254	0.216	0.873
WC (cm)
< 80	25.9	15.5	88.6	81.0	23.7
≥ 80	25.0	45.9	85.9	84.2	27.7
P value	0.879	< 0.0001	0.656	0.466	0.585
Insulin use
Yes	18.3	40.0	92.8	79.7	26.3
No	27.5	45.9	80.7	85.7	28.0
P value	0.002	0.085	< 0.0001	0.019	0.624

WC: Waist circumference; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c test; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.