Role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 in metabolic homeostasis and insulin action: A novel opportunity for diabetes treatment?

Table 1 Nrf2 system in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis

Effect	Model	Ref.
Preadipocyte differentiation2	Carnosic acid and carnosol stimulated Nrf2 activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes	[54]
Preadipocyte differentiation1	Nrf2 deficient 3T3-L1 adipocytes	[56]
Adipocyte differentiation1	The Nrf2 activator CDDO-Im-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts from C57BL/6J Nrf2-/- mice	[62]
Obesity2	HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed with the Nrf2 activator oltipraz	[15]
Obesity2	HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed with the Nrf2 activator CDDO-Im	[57]
Hepatic lipogenesis1	Nrf2 mice deficient mice	[58]
Hepatic steatosis1	MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis in Nrf2 null mice	[59]
Hepatic steatosis2	Nrf2-/- mice	[60]
Hepatic gluconeogenesis1	STZ-induced diabetes in Nrf2 null mice	[61]
Blood glucose1, serum lipid1	STZ-induced diabetes in Nrf2 null mice	[61]
Blood glucose2, serum lipid2	HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed with the Nrf2 activator oltipraz	[15]
Blood glucose2	STZ-induced diabetes in mice treated with oltipraz	[61]
Insulin signaling1	HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed with the Nrf2 activator oltipraz	[15]
Insulin signaling1	Oltipraz treated- mice with partial hepatectomy	[63]
Insulin signaling2	Hepatectomy in Nrf2-/- mice	[53]
Insulin signaling2	Nrf2 knockdown in human liver cell line HepG2 cells	[15]
AMPK signaling1	Oltipraz treated HepG2 cells	[64]
Pancreatic β-cell damage2	Cytokine or STZ-induced RIN β-cell damage with the Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane	[65]
Mitochondria damage2	ROS-induced mitochondrial damage in HepG2 cell with oltipraz	[64]

¹Increase;

²Decrease. Nrf2: Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; CDDO-Im: Oleanolic triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] imidazole; HFD: High fat diet; MCD: Methionine- and choline-deficient; STZ: Streptozotozin; ROS: Reactive oxidative species. AMPK: AMP-dependent kinase.