Non-coding RNAs: Role in diabetic foot and wound healing

Table 1 Micro-RNAs in diabetic foot and wound healing

Name	Expression	Animal	Target gene	Pathway	Phase	Ref.
miRNA-217	Up	Mouse	HIF-1α	VEGF	Inflammation	Lin et al[32], 2019
miRNA-23c	Up	/	SDF-1α	SDF-1α/CXCL12	Inflammation	Amin et al[33], 2020
miRNA-497	Down	Mouse	IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α	NF-κB	Inflammation	Ban et al[34], 2020
miRNA-155	Up	Mouse	FGF7	/	Inflammation/regeneration	Moura et al[36], 2019; Gondaliya et al[51], 2022
miRNA-18a/19a	Up	/	TSP-1	/	Proliferation	Wang et al[40], 2020
miRNA-15a-3p	Up	Mouse	NOX5	ROS	Proliferation	Xiong et al[41], 2020
miRNA-152-3p	Up	Mouse	PTEN	/	Proliferation	Xu et al[45], 2020
miRNA-133b	Up	Mouse	EGFR	/	Proliferation	Zhong et al[46], 2021
miRNA-195-5p	Up	Rat	VEGFA	/	Proliferation	Liu et al[42], 2021
miRNA-205-5p	Up	Rat	VEGFA	/	Proliferation	Liu et al[42], 2021
miRNA-199a-5p	Up	Rat	VEGFA, ROCK1	/	Proliferation	Wang et al[49], 2022
miRNA-203	Up	Rat	IL-8	AKT	Regeneration	Yuan et al[52], 2019
		/	p63	/	Regeneration	Liu et al[53], 2022
miR-489-3p	Up	Rat	SIRT1	PI3K/AKT/eNOS	Regeneration	Huang et al[47], 2022
miRNA-21-3p	Down	Mouse	SPRY1	FGF	Regeneration	Wu et al[56], 2020
miRNA-146a	Down	/	AKAP12	Wnt/β-catenin	Regeneration	Peng et al[57], 2022
		/	TLR4	NF-κB	Inflammation	Zhang et al[58], 2022

HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; SDF-1α: Stromal cell-derived factor-1α; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; FGF7: Fibroblast growth factor 7; TSP-1: Thrombospondin-1; NOX5: NADPH oxidase 5; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; ROCK1: Rho-related kinase 1; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; SPRY1: Sprouty homolog 1; AKAP12: A-kinase-anchoring protein 12; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappaB; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Table 2 Long non-coding RNAs in diabetic foot and wound healing

Name	Expression	Sponge	Animal	Target gene	Pathway	Phase	Ref.
GAS5	Up	/	Mouse	STAT1	/	Inflammation	Hu et al[64], 2020
		/	Mouse	TAF15	HIF-1α/VEGF	Proliferation	Peng et al[65], 2021
MALAT1	Down	/	/	HIF-1α/Nrf2		Proliferation	Jayasuriya et al[69], 2020
Lnc01435	Up	/	Mouse	YY1, HDACs	Notch	Proliferation	Fu et al[70], 2022
H19	Up	miRNA-29b	Mouse	FBN1	TGF-β/Smad	Regeneration	Li et al[72], 2021
	Up	/	Rat	CTGF, SRF	MAPK	Regeneration	Li et al[74], 2020
URIDS	Up	/	Rat	Plod1	VEGF/TGF-β	Regeneration	Hu et al[27], 2020
CASC2	Down	miR-155	Mouse	HIF-1α	/	Regeneration	He et al[76], 2022

GAS5: Growth arrest specific 5; STAT1: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; TAF15: TATA box-binding protein associated factor 15; MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; YY1: Yin yang 1; HDAC8: Histone deacetylase 8; FBN1: Fibrillin 1; CTGF: Connective tissue growth factor; SRF: Serum response factor; URIDS: Upregulated in diabetic skin; Plod1: Procollagen-lysine and 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1; CASC2: Cancer susceptibility candidate 2; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

Table 3 Circular RNAs in diabetic foot and wound healing

Name	Expression	Sponge	Animal	Target gene	Phase	Ref.
Circ_PRKDC	Up	/	/	EGFR	Proliferation	Wang et al[84], 2020
	Up	miR-31	/	FBN1	Proliferation	Han et al[83], 2021
Circ_Klhl8	Down	miR-212-3p	Mouse	SIRT5	Proliferation	Shang et al[85], 2021

Circ_PRKDC: Circular RNA protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; SIRT5: Sirtuin 5; FBN1: Fibrillin 1; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Table 4 Non-coding RNAs in cell therapy

Name	Origin	Expression	Sponge	Target gene	Phase	Ref.
miRNA-155	MSC	Up	/	FGF7	Proliferation	Moura et al[36], 2019; Gondaliya et al[51], 2022
miR-129	MSC	Down	/	TRAF6	Proliferation	Hu et al[92], 2022
miRNA-221-3p	EPC	Down	/	HIPK2	Proliferation	Yu et al[94], 2022
LncRNA H19	MSC	Up	miRNA-152-3P	PTEN	Proliferation	Li et al[95], 2020
MALAT1	MSC	Down	miR-205-5p	VEGF	Proliferation	Zhu et al[97], 2019
Lnc KLF3-AS1	BMSC	Down	miR-383	VEGFA	Proliferation	Han et al[99], 2022
Circ_0000250	ADSC	Down	miR-128-3p	SIRT1	Proliferation	Shi et al[100], 2020
Circ_ARHGAP12	MSC	Down	miR-301b-3p	ATG16L1, ULK2	Proliferation	Meng et al[101], 2022
Circ HIPK3	MSC	Down	miR-20b-3p	Nrf2/VEGFA	Proliferation	Liang et al[102], 2022

MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; FGF7: Fibroblast growth factor 7; TRAF6: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6; EPC: Epithelial progenitor cells; HIPK2: Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; Lnc KLF3-AS1: LncRNA Kruppel-like factor 3 antisense RNA 1; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal cells; ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cells; Circ HIPK3: Circular RNA homeodomain-interacting protein kinase three; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; Lnc: Long non-coding; miRNA: Micro RNA.