Role and function of granin proteins in diabetes mellitus

doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1081

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2021; 12(7): 1081-1092
Published online Jul 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1081

Table 1 Names, loci, and molecular masses of granin proteins[1,2]

Name	Synonym	Locus	Number of amino acids and calculated molecular mass (kDa)
Chromogranin A	Parathyroid secretory protein 1	14q32.12	439 (49 kDa)
Chromogranin B	Secretogranin I	20pter-p12	657 (77 kDa)
Secretogranin II	Chromogranin C	2q35-q36	587 (68 kDa)
Secretogranin III	–	15q21	449 (51 kDa)
HISL-19¹	Secretogranin IV	–	–
7B2	Secretogranin V	15q13-q14	186 (21 kDa)
NESP55	Secretogranin VI	20q13.2	201 (23 kDa)
VGF	Secretogranin VII	7q22.1	593 (65 kDa)
proSAAS	Secretogranin VIII	Xp11.23	227 (24 kDa)

¹HISL-19 has only been confirmed with monoclonal antibodies; in vivo isolation has not been successful to date[2,87]. NESP55: Neuroendocrine secretory protein with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 Daltons.

Table 2 Cleavage products of granin proteins[1,3,88-90]

Granin protein	Cleavage product
CgA¹	Vasostatin-I (CgA_1-76) and -II (CgA_1-115)
	Betagranin (CgA_1-128)
	CgA_10-19and CgA_43-52¹
	Chromofungin (CgA_47-66)
	Vasoconstriction-inhibiting factor (CgA_79-113)
	Chromostatin (CgA_124-143)
	Chromacin (CgA_173-194)
	Pancreastatin (CgA_250-301)¹
	WE-14 (CgA_324-337)¹
	Cateslitin (CgA_344-358)
	Catestatin (CgA_352-372)¹
	Parastatin (CgA_357-428)
	GE-25 (CgA_367-391)
	Serpinin (CgA_417-442)
CgB¹	CgB_1-41
	GAWK (CgB_420-493)
	BAM-1745 (CgB_579-593)
	PE-11 (CgB_555-565)
	Secretolytin (CgB_647-657)
	43kDa large CgB fragment
SgII¹	Secretoneurin (conjugate of SgII_133-151 and SgII_154-186)
	EM66 (66 amino acid long)
	Manserin (SgII_497-536)
SgIII¹	–²
HISL-19	–²
7B2	–²
NESP55	LSAL (NESP55_159-162)
NESP55	GAIPIRRH (NESP55_234-241)
VGF	Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1 (VGF_281-306)
	Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2 (VGF_310-347)
	NAPP129 or VGF20 (VGF_417-617)
	TPGH (VGF_422-430)
	TLQP-21 (VGF_556-576)
	TLQP-62 or VGF10 (VGF_556-617)
	HHPD-41 (VGF_576-617)
	AQEE-11 (VGF_588-599)
	AQEE-30 (VGF_588-617)
	LQEQ-19 (VGF_599-617)
proSAAS	KEP (proSAAS_1-7)
	Big SAAS (proSAAS_1-26)
	Little SAAS (proSAAS_9-26)
	GAV
	PEN (proSAAS_188-209)
	PEN-LEN (proSAAS_188-227)
	Little LEN (proSAAS_212-221)
	Big LEN (proSAAS_212-227)

¹Granins and their cleavage products involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

²No cleavage product described to date. CgA: Chromogranin A; CgB: Chromogranin B; NESP55: Neuroendocrine secretory protein with an apparent molecular weight of 55000 Daltons; SgII: Secretogranin II.

Citation: Herold Z, Doleschall M, Somogyi A. Role and function of granin proteins in diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(7): 1081-1092
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i7/1081.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1081