Endothelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Patients No.	Interventions (dose/d)	Treatment period (wk)	Age mean (SD)	Sex, n (%) female	eGFR [mean (SD) mL/min/1.73 m2]	UACR, mg/g creatinine median (Q1 to Q3) or mean (SD)	SBP, mmHg mean (SD)	DBP, mmHg mean (SD)	Hemoglobin A1c, % mean (SD)	Study type	NCT number
Heerspink et al[12], 2019	2648	Atrasentan 0.75 mg	53 mo? (follow-up 2.2 years)	I: 64.8 (8.6)	25%	44.0 (13.7)	792 (462-1480)	136.5 (15.2)	75.0 (9.9)	7.8 (1.5)	RCT	NCT01858532
				C: 64.7 (8.7)	26.60%	43.7 (13.7)	805 (444-1451)	136.2 (14.8)	74.8 (10.0)	7.8 (1.5)
Kohan et al[7], 2011	89	Atrasentan 0.25 mg, 0.75 mg, 1.75 mg	8	I: 63 (12) 67 (9) 64 (13)	41% 36% 27%	31 (4) 34 (6) 33 (5)	350 (194-1226) 360 (209-726) 433 (157-998)	134 (14) 137 (15) 135 (11)	75 (8) 74 (8) 75 (9)	7.6 (1.0) 7.6 (1.2) 7.3 (1.1)	RCT	N/A
				C: 61 (8)	17%	34 (5)	515 (170-1477)	138 (14)	78 (8)	7.4 (0.9)
Mann et al[8], 2010	1392	Avosentan 25, 50 mg	48	I: 61.2 (8.8) 61.0 (9.1)	30.8% 32.8%	29.9 (6.2) 30.4 (6.5)	1422 (728.9-2425.3) 1472 (758.5-2515)	137.1 (13.8) 137.0 (14.3)	77.9 (9.2) 77.5 (8.6)	8.0 (1.5) 8.1 (1.6)	RCT	NCT00120328
				C: 60.8 (8.9)	33.80%	30.1 (6.2)	1531 (794.3-2823.9)	135.4 (15.1)	77.2 (9.5)	8.0 (1.5)
Rafnsson et al[13], 2011	28	Bosentan 250 mg	4	I: 62 (8)	18.00%	28.9 (7.4)	415 (681.6)	149 (24)	81 (10)	7.4 (1.1)	RCT	NCT01357109
				C: 63 (9)	20.80%	31.5 (4.0)	409 (512.7)	151 (25)	78 (9)	8.0 (1.4)
Wenzel et al[14], 2009	286	Avosentan 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg	12	I: 60.8 (10.0) 58.4 (10.0)	34% 30%	31.3 (7.0) 32.2 (5.0)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	RCT	N/A
				C: 58.4 (10.0)	13%	30.5 (5.0)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Zeeuw et al[9], 2014	211	Atrasentan 0.75 mg or 1.25 mg	12	I: 65.0 (9.8) 64.5 (8.8)	N/A	N/A	878 (515-1682) 826 (481-1389)	138 (14) 136 (15)	75 (10) 74 (9)	7.5 (1.5) 7.7 (1.4)	RCT	NCT01356849 NCT01424319
				C: 64.3 (9.0)	N/A	N/A	671 (410-1536)	136 (14)	72 (10)	7.4 (1.3)

N/A: Not applicable; I: Intervening group; C: Control group; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; SD: Standard deviation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; NCT: National clinical trial.