Future technology-enabled care for diabetes and hyperglycemia in the hospital setting

Table 1 Technology-enabled strategies for inpatient glycemic management and diabetes care

Technology category	Purpose	Technologies
Outpatient technologies adapted for inpatient use	Support insulin management	Personal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps
		Continuous glucose monitoring sensor systems
Technologies developed for inpatient use	Diabetes and glycemic care management, including care transitions	Electronic medical record based clinical decision support
		Electronic glycemic management systems
Technology-enabled diabetes education	Engagement in diabetes survival skills education	Electronic medical record-generated, printed education content
		“SMART” TVs Web-based education platform

Table 2 Inpatient diabetes education delivery - current and future states

Modality	Current state	Future state
1:1 at the bedside	Unit nurse/Physician/educator provides basic education- often skills based, e.g., insulin instruction, and/or printed generic content	Supplemented by printed individualized electronic medical record clinical decision support generated content based on diagnoses, procedures, medications
Low-tech	Generic education content delivered via SMART TV or video	Video-based survival skills education content individualized for diabetes medications prescribed at discharge
		Provider and/or electronic medical record clinical decision support prescribes targeted generic education content
High-Tech	Generic education content prescribed for delivery at bedside on TV or tablet computer from web-based platform	Individualized education delivered via an interactive patient engagement platform
		Content auto-directed to learner based on embedded survey responses
		“App” for telehealth coaching prescribed, e.g., BlueStar[49]