Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2019; 10(5): 269-279
Published online May 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.269
Table 1 Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy
Clinical parameterDiabetic nephropathyNon-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy
ProteinuriaPresentAbsent
Regression of proteinuriaPresentAbsent
HistologyAbnormalNormal or abnormal
Glomerular filtration rateDecreasedDecreased
Increased risk of chronic kidney diseasePresentPresent
Table 2 Summary of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy literature
FieldSummary of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy literature
Prevalence57% of diabetic nephropathy patients
PathogenesisVascular and soluble elements, such as uric acid, TNFα, and VEGF, affecting renal microhemodynamics
Diagnosis(1) Increased renal resistive index; (2) Alterations in TNFα, TGF-β, endothelin, and other interleukins
Treatment(1) Enalapril; (2) Losartan; (3) Heparin; (4) Pentoxifylline