Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2019; 10(1): 57-62
Published online Jan 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.57
Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Entire cohortEarly nutritionLate nutritionP value
n1286761
Age, mean (yr)47.3 (SD = 17.7)45.7 (SD = 18.4)49.1 (SD = 16.9)0.1970
Race (n)
African American25% (32)23.9% (16)26.2% (16)0.1950
Caucasian65% (83)67.2% (45)62.3% (38)
Other10% (13)8.9% (7)11.5% (7)
Female sex (n)50.8% (65)37.3% (25)62% (38)0.0047
DKA severity
Mild5133280.8997
Moderate361917
Severe311516
Mean APACHE IV Mortality9.9 (SD = 18.5)6.0 (SD = 12.7)14.1 (SD = 22.5)0.1170
Mean APACHE IV LOS4.6 (SD = 1.8)4.2 (SD = 1.5)4.8 (SD = 2.0)0.8400
Table 2 Outcomes
Early nutritionLate nutritionP value
Mean time to AG normalization (h)11.7 (SD = 15.6)20.0 (SD = 40.7)0.1642
Mean time to DKA resolution (h)15.4 (SD = 18.8)19.6 (SD = 32.6)0.1410
Mortality at 28 d (n)2.34% (3)0.78 (1)0.6300
Mortality at 90 d (n)2.34% (3)1.57% (2)1.0000
Hospital LOS (d)4.16 (SD = 2.63)8.35 (SD = 8.85)0.0001
ICU LOS (d)1.38 (SD = 1.17)3.12 (SD = 4.58)0.0002
Mean number of complication occurrences:
Hypoglycemia0.97 (SD = 1.49)1.54 (SD = 2.47)0.1804
Hypokalemia1.18 (SD = 1.4)2.21 (SD = 2.1)0.0022
Hyperkalemia0.43 (SD = 0.72)0.56 (SD = 0.89)0.3706
Hypophosphatemia0.73 (SD = 0.9)1.67 (SD = 2.4)0.0052
Severe acidosis0.04 (SD = 0.21)0.20 (SD = 0.73)0.1356