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Copyright ©2010 Baishideng.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2010; 1(3): 68-75
Published online Jul 15, 2010. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v1.i3.68
Table 1 Causes of insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation
mTOR
p70S6 kinase
Amino acids
Hyperinsulinemia
JNK
Stress
Hyperlipidemia
Inflammation
IKK
Inflammation
TNF-α
Obesity
Inflammation
Mitochondrial dysfunction
PKCθ
Hyperglycemia
Diacylglycerol
Inflammation