Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system: Concentration matters

doi:10.4239/wjd.v11.i12.584

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Dec 15, 2020 (publication date) through Apr 26, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2020; 11(12): 584-595
Published online Dec 15, 2020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i12.584

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Figure 3 In vitro and in vivo responses to ketone bodies are dependent of their concentrations, with low to moderate concentrations exerting beneficial effects on the endothelium and the cardiovascular system and high concentrations typical of diabetic ketoacidosis being detrimental. AcAc: Acetoacetate; BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate; HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ICAM-1: Intercellular-1 adhesion molecule; IL: Interleukin; KB: Ketone bodies; LFA-1: Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; MCP1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

Citation: Nasser S, Vialichka V, Biesiekierska M, Balcerczyk A, Pirola L. Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system: Concentration matters. World J Diabetes 2020; 11(12): 584-595
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v11/i12/584.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v11.i12.584