Functions of Müller cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy

Figure 1 A simplified schematic diagram for the potential roles of Müller cell-derived-vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy. Alteration in pathological characteristics caused by MCD-VEGF is indicated in italic. Potential functions without direct proof by experimental and clinical data are indicated with a question marker. MCD-VEGF plays a significant role in causing retinal inflammation, neovascularization, vascular leakage, vascular lesion, and protein alteration and modification in the pathogenesis of DR. MCD-VEGF: Müller cell-derived-VEGF; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.