Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215

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Mar 15, 2021 (publication date) through Apr 22, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2021; 12(3): 215-237
Published online Mar 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215

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Figure 1 The plausible bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; GLP1A: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; IL: Interleukin; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; TZDS: Thiazolidinediones.

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Figure 2 Pathways linking coronavirus disease 2019 to heart/brain injury. Pathway C: Hypoxia pathway. Pathway D: Cytokine storm. Pathway E: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathway. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; IL: Interleukin; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

Citation: Viswanathan V, Puvvula A, Jamthikar AD, Saba L, Johri AM, Kotsis V, Khanna NN, Dhanjil SK, Majhail M, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Sharma AM, Kolluri R, Naidu S, Suri JS. Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(3): 215-237
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i3/215.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215