Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index predict survival in HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer

Table 1 Comparison of demographic data and clinical and pathological characteristics

Indicator	Control group (n = 203)	Progress group (n = 59)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Gender			2.226	0.136
Male	160 (78.82)	41 (69.49)
Female	43 (21.18)	18 (30.51)
Age (year)	67.02 ± 9.52	71.61 ± 10.00	3.223	0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	22.44 ± 2.18	22.87 ± 2.94	1.226	0.221
Smoking history	78 (38.42)	21 (35.59)	0.156	0.693
Drinking history	81 (39.90)	22 (37.29)	0.131	0.718
Tumour site			5.810	0.121
Gastric body	122 (60.10)	39 (66.10)
Cardia	30 (14.78)	10 (16.95)
Antrum	26 (12.81)	9 (15.25)
Lesser curvature	25 (12.31)	1 (1.69)
Degree of differentiation			2.385	0.017
Highly differentiated	18 (8.87)	1 (1.69)
Moderately differentiated	57 (28.08)	12 (20.34)
Lowly differentiated	106 (52.22)	36 (61.02)
Undifferentiated	22 (10.84)	10 (16.95)
Liver metastases	89 (43.84)	35 (59.32)	4.394	0.036
Peritoneal metastases	76 (37.44)	32 (54.24)	5.324	0.021
Lung metastases	21 (10.34)	8 (13.56)	0.480	0.489
Bone metastases	15 (7.39)	9 (15.25)	3.398	0.065
Treatment options			0.295	0.863
Chemotherapy	92 (45.32)	29 (49.15)
Immunotherapy	35 (17.24)	9 (15.25)
Combination therapy	76 (37.44)	21 (35.59)

The normality of continuous variables was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, which was consistent with normality, expressed as mean ± SD, and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Count data were expressed as n (%). BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of peripheral blood inflammatory markers

Indicator	Control group (n = 203)	Progress group (n = 59)	t value	P value
NLR	2.92 ± 0.86	3.55 ± 0.81	5.017	< 0.001
PLR	165.23 ± 39.41	194.59 ± 43.92	4.906	< 0.001
LMR	4.58 ± 0.93	4.10 ± 0.85	3.556	< 0.001
SII	598.03 ± 97.77	683.73 ± 74.74	6.222	< 0.001

NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of factors influencing overall survival

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	β	P value	HR (95%CI)	β	P value	HR (95%CI)
Gender
Male			1.000 (reference)
Female	0.307	0.264	1.359 (0.793-2.330)
Age	0.011	0.402	1.011 (0.985-1.038)
BMI	0.040	0.446	1.040 (0.940-1.152)
Smoking history
Yes			1.000 (reference)
No	0.411	1.132	1.509 (0.883-2.577)
Drinking history
Yes			1.000 (reference)
No	-0.270	0.280	0.764 (0.468-1.245)
Tumour site
Gastric body			1.000 (reference)
Cardia	0.258	0.452	1.294 (0.661-2.533)
Antrum	0.297	0.426	1.346 (0.648-2.800)
Lesser curvature	-0.548	0.251	0.578 (0.226-1.475)
Degree of differentiation
Highly differentiated			1.000 (reference)
Moderately differentiated	1.904	0.063	6.712 (0.901-50.025)
Lowly differentiated	1.711	0.092	5.533 (0.756-40.507)
Undifferentiated	1.796	0.091	6.025 (0.752-48.275)
Liver metastases
Yes			1.000 (reference)			1.000 (reference)
No	-0.507	0.048	0.602 (0.367-0.994)	-0.334	0.211	0.716 (0.425-1.208)
Peritoneal metastases
Yes			1.000 (reference)
No	-0.452	0.070	0.637 (0.390-1.038)
Lung metastases
Yes			1.000 (reference)
No	0.046	0.909	1.047 (0.477-2.299)
Bone metastases
Yes			1.000 (reference)
No	-0.539	0.183	0.583 (0.264-1.290)
Treatment options
Chemotherapy			1.000 (reference)
Immunotherapy	-0.201	0.580	0.818 (0.402-1.665)
Combination therapy	-0.305	0.272	0.737 (0.428-1.269)
NLR	0.558	< 0.001	1.748 (1.318-2.318)	0.443	0.003	1.557 (1.157-2.094)
PLR	0.009	0.004	1.009 (1.003-1.015)	0.009	0.003	1.009 (1.003-1.015)
LMR	-0.317	0.021	0.728 (0.556-0.954)	-0.276	0.046	0.759 (0.578-0.995)
SII	0.005	< 0.001	1.005 (1.003-1.008)	0.004	0.005	1.004 (1.001-1.006)

HR: Hazard ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.