Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Emerging evidence, unresolved questions, and future perspectives

Table 1 Main evidence supporting the role of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 in pancreatic cancer

Mechanistic axis	Major phenotypes	Main implication	Ref.
MACC1-RAS/ERK	Proliferation, migration, gemcitabine response, and associations with metastasis and advanced-stage disease	Provides early clinical and functional evidence for the role of MACC1 in PDAC	Wang et al[22]
MACC1-SNAI1-FN1/CDH1	Migration, invasion, EMT, and liver metastasis	Supports a pro-metastatic driver role of MACC1	Zhang et al[23]
p53/Notch-related signaling	Proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis	Suggests broader roles for MACC1 in malignant progression	Cong et al[27]
circPDE8A/miR-338/MACC1/MET/ERK-AKT	Invasive growth and exosome-mediated signal amplification	Suggests that MACC1 participates in upstream ncRNA-mediated regulatory networks	Li et al[30]
IFN-γ/MACC1-AS1/MACC1/AKT-mTOR	Malignant phenotypes and survival signaling	Suggests upstream lncRNA-mediated regulation of MACC1	Shi et al[33]

AKT: Protein kinase B; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FN1: Fibronectin 1; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; MACC1: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; ncRNA: Non-coding RNA; SNAI1: Snail family transcriptional repressor 1; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.