Intensive care unit outcomes and prognostic factors of esophageal cancer: A cross-sectional study in Chinese cancer-specialized hospitals

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i8.106688

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Aug 15, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 14, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2025; 17(8): 106688
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i8.106688

Table 1 Comparisons of characteristics between intensive care unit esophageal cancer patients with different 90 days survival outcomes, n (%)

Variables	All (n = 180)	Survived at 90 days (n = 140)	90 days death (n = 40)	P value
Demographics
Age (year), mean ± SD	66.4 ± 7.9	66.0 ± 7.7	67.8 ± 8.5	0.207
Gender
Female	45 (25.0)	38 (27.1)	7 (17.5)	0.214
Male	135 (75.0)	102 (72.9)	33 (82.5)
BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)	22.3 (19.5, 24.3)	22.7 (20.5, 24.5)	20.6 (18.3, 22.7)	0.001^a
BMI classification				0.002^a
Underweight (BMI < 18.5)	31 (17.2)	16 (11.7)	15 (34.9)
Normal (BMI 18.5-22.9)	82 (45.6)	63 (46.0)	19 (44.2)
Overweight (BMI 23-24.9)	34 (18.9)	29 (21.2)	5 (11.6)
Obese (BMI > 25)	33 (18.3)	29 (21.2)	4 (9.3)
Treatment history
Target therapy	6 (3.3)	3 (2.1)	3 (7.5)	0.125
Immunotherapy	23 (12.8)	14 (10.0)	9 (22.5)	0.037^a
Chemotherapy	53 (29.4)	40 (28.6)	13 (32.5)	0.631
Radiotherapy	17 (9.4)	10 (7.1)	7 (17.5)	0.064
Transferring source				< 0.001^a
Operation room	77 (42.8)	73 (52.1)	4 (10.0)
Emergency department	3 (1.7)	2 (1.4)	1 (2.5)
Clinical ward	100 (55.6)	65 (46.4)	35 (87.5)
Planned transfer	101 (56.1)	67 (47.9)	34 (85.0)	< 0.001^a
Elective or emergency surgery				< 0.001^a
No surgery	41 (22.8)	16 (11.4)	25 (62.5)
Elective	135 (75.0)	121 (86.4)	14 (35.0)
Emergency	4 (2.2)	3 (2.1)	1 (2.5)
Severity scores
SOFA, median (IQR)	3.0 (2.0, 5.0)	3.0 (2.0, 4.2)	4.0 (2.8, 7.0)	0.003^a
APACHE II, median (IQR)	11.5 (8.8, 16.0)	10.5 (8.0, 14.0)	16.0 (12.0, 21.0)	< 0.001^a
Fourth degree myelosuppression	17 (9.4)	8 (5.7)	9 (22.5)	0.004^a
ICU diagnosis
Sepsis	130 (72.2)	94 (67.1)	36 (90.0)	0.004^a
ARDS	40 (22.2)	25 (17.9)	15 (37.5)	0.008^a
Respiratory failure	102 (56.7)	74 (52.9)	28 (70.0)	0.054^a
AKI	6 (3.3)	1 (0.7)	5 (12.5)	0.002^a
Shock	47 (26.1)	25 (17.9)	22 (55.0)	< 0.001^a
Delirium	11 (6.1)	5 (3.6)	6 (1.0)	0.014^a
Anti-infection treatment
Carbapenems	68 (37.8)	43 (30.7)	25 (62.5)	< 0.001^a
β-lactam	83 (46.1)	65 (46.4)	18 (45.0)	0.873
Glycopeptides	27 (15.0)	19 (13.6)	8 (20.0)	0.315
Tigecycline	2 (1.1)	1 (0.7)	1 (2.5)	0.396
Echinocandins	8 (4.4)	3 (2.1)	5 (12.5)	0.014^a
Triazoles	16 (8.9)	9 (6.4)	7 (17.5)	0.052
Other treatment
Mechanical ventilation	103 (57.2)	75 (53.6)	28 (70.0)	0.064
Conventional oxygen therapy	147 (81.7)	129 (92.1)	18 (45.0)	< 0.001^a
Sedation treatment	85 (47.2)	57 (40.7)	28 (70.0)	0.001^a
ICU duration (days), median (IQR)	5 (3, 9)	5 (3.5, 8.5)	4 (3, 10)	0.560

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Bosy mass index; IQR: Interquartile range; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ICU: Intensive care unit; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI: Acute kidney injury.

Table 2 Cox regression analysis of predictors for 90 days survival of intensive care unit admitted esophageal cancer patients

Variables, demographics	Univariate analysis¹		Multivariate analysis
Variables, demographics	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.03 (0.99-1.07)	0.213
Gender
Female	Ref
Male	1.68 (0.74-3.80)	0.213
BMI (kg/m²)	0.86 (0.77-0.95)	0.002^a
Treatment history
Target therapy	2.53 (0.78-8.22)	0.122
Immunotherapy	2.22 (1.06-4.67)	0.035^a
Chemotherapy	1.22 (0.63-2.37)	0.554
Radiotherapy	2.38 (1.05-5.38)	0.037^a
Severity scores
SOFA	1.18 (1.09-1.27)	< 0.001^a	1.09 (0.98-1.20)	0.099¹
APACHE II	1.13 (1.08-1.17)	< 0.001^a	1.09 (1.03-1.16)	0.003¹
Fourth degree myelosuppression	3.84 (1.82-8.07)	< 0.001^a	3.37 (1.15-9.90)	0.027¹
Anti-infection treatment
Carbapenems	3.19 (1.68-6.05)	< 0.001^a
β-lactam	0.94 (0.50-1.75)	0.836
Glycopeptides	1.50 (0.69-3.26)	0.302
Tigecycline	2.46 (0.34-17.95)	0.374
Echinocandins	4.87 (1.90-12.47)	< 0.001^a
Triazoles	2.58 (1.14-5.84)	0.023^a
Other treatment
Mechanical ventilation	1.88 (0.95-3.69)	0.068
Conventional oxygen therapy	4.14 (1.00-17.19)	0.051
Sedation treatment	0.10 (0.05-0.19)	< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

¹Adjusted to age, gender, body mass index, history of immunotherapy, history of radiotherapy, mechanical ventilation, sedation treatment, conventional oxygen therapy, use of carbapenems, echinocandins and triazoles.

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Bosy mass index; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.

Citation: Tang JF, Xia R, Xing XZ, Wang CS, Ma G, Wang HZ, Zhu B, Zhao JH, Zhou DM, Zhang L, Huang MG, Quan RX, Ye Y, Zhang GX, Jiang ZY, Huang B, Xu SL, Xiao Y, Zhang LL, Lin RY, Ma SL, Qiu YA, Zheng Z, Sun N, Xian LW, Li J, Zhang M, Guo ZJ, Tao Y, Zhou XZ, Chen W, Wang DX, Chi JY, Wang DH, Liu KZ. Intensive care unit outcomes and prognostic factors of esophageal cancer: A cross-sectional study in Chinese cancer-specialized hospitals. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(8): 106688
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i8/106688.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i8.106688