Effect of Nutrition Risk Screening 2002-guided enteral nutrition on nutritional status in gastrointestinal tumor patients

Table 1 General data comparison, mean ± SD/n

General information	Observation group (n = 56)	Control group (n = 56)	t/χ2	P value
Average age, years	68.80 ± 4.11	68.70 ± 4.28	0.126	0.900
Gender
Male	36	31	0.929	0.335
Female	20	25
ECOG score			0.175	0.982
1	24	26
2	18	17
3	8	7
4	6	6
Average BMI, kg/m²	20.44 ± 1.11	20.28 ± 1.35	0.685	0.495
Tumor location			0.150	0.928
Stomach	21	23
Rectum	18	17
Colon	17	16
Adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy/chemotherapy	30/26	31/25	0.036	0.850
Tumor stage			0.000	1.000
Stage I	30	27
Stage II	18	19
Stage III	6	7
Stage IV	2	3

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score is ranging from 0 (fully active) to 4 (severely disabled). Tumor location indicates the primary site of the tumor (stomach, rectum, or colon). Adjuvant therapy indicates the additional treatment received (radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Tumor stage indicates the tumor stage according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification system. ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Assessment of nutritional function, mean ± SD

Index	Time	Observation group (n = 56)	Control group (n = 56)	t	P value
Transferrin, g/L	Before	1.55 ± 0.33	1.52 ± 0.34	0.474	0.637
	After	2.96 ± 0.55	2.74 ± 0.41	2.400	0.018
t’		16.451	17.141
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Albumin, g/L	Before	28.34 ± 2.55	28.39 ± 2.48	0.105	0.916
	After	36.88 ± 5.21	34.28 ± 3.56	3.083	0.003
t’		11.017	10.159
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Hemoglobin, g/L	Before	82.33 ± 4.21	82.39 ± 4.31
	After	98.75 ± 5.41	96.33 ± 3.25	0.075	0.941
t’		17.925	19.325	2.869	0.005
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 3 Index of intestinal mucosal barrier function, mean ± SD

Index	Time	Observation group (n = 56)	Control group (n = 56)	t	P value
Diamine oxidase, U/L	Before	6.32 ± 2.11	6.28 ± 2.08	0.101	0.920
	After	13.17 ± 2.08	10.21 ± 1.89	7.882	< 0.001
t’		17.301	10.464
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
C reactive protein, mg/L	Before	32.11 ± 4.28	31.44 ± 5.11
	After	12.28 ± 3.14	16.44 ± 2.84	0.752	0.454
t’		27.955	19.201	7.353	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
TNF-α, ng/L	Before	52.44 ± 4.11	52.24 ± 5.02	0.231	0.818
	After	41.44 ± 3.54	46.11 ± 11.02	2.373	0.019
t’		15.175	3.788
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001

No difference of intestinal mucosal barrier function between the two groups before nutritional intervention (P > 0.05); after the nutritional intervention, the patients improved intestinal mucosal barrier function, the observation group, and C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor α were lower than the control group, statistically significant (P < 0.05). TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α.

Table 4 Quality of life score, mean ± SD

Index	Time	Observation group (n = 56)	Control group (n = 56)	t	P value
Physical domain, points	Before	17.12 ± 2.11	17.16 ± 2.02	0.102	0.919
	After	9.44 ± 1.12	11.84 ± 1.81	8.438	< 0.001
t’		24.059	14.678
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Emotional domain, points	Before	9.22 ± 1.34	9.18 ± 1.44	0.152	0.879
	After	5.02 ± 1.02	7.11 ± 0.81	12.008	< 0.001
t’		18.663	9.376
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Other areas, sub-level	Before	15.98 ± 1.66	15.92 ± 1.75	0.186	0.853
	After	8.86 ± 1.02	10.02 ± 1.44	4.919	< 0.001
t’		27.347	19.482
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Total score	Before	42.11 ± 5.84	42.34 ± 5.74	0.210	0.834
	After	23.44 ± 3.64	28.11 ± 2.85	7.559	< 0.001
t’		20.303	16.616
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 5 Incidence of adverse reactions, n (%)

Group	Case	Early satiety	Nausea and vomiting	Lung inhalation	Metabolic complications	Prevalence of adverse reactions
Observation	56	1 (1.79)	1 (1.79)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	2 (3.57)
Control	56	1 (1.79)	2 (3.57)	1 (1.79)	1 (1.79)	5 (8.93)
χ2						0.610
P value						0.435