Causal roles of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma etiology suggested by genetic study

Table 1 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis of the mendelian randomization study on gut microbiota and cholangiocarcinoma

Exposure	Outcome	Method	Heterogeneity		Horizontal pleiotropy		MR-PRESSO
			Q	Q, P value	Egger intercept	P value	P value
Verrucomicrobia	iCCA	MRE	4.795	0.904	-0.048	0.762	0.951
		IVW	4.892	0.936
Firmicutes	iCCA	MRE	16.151	0.513	-0.117	0.342	0.527
		IVW	17.108	0.516
Enterobacteriales/Enterobacteriaceae	iCCA	MRE	5.600	0.692	0.231	0.433	0.725
		IVW	6.282	0.711
Parasutterella	iCCA	MRE	9.901	0.769	-0.062	0.638	0.805
		IVW	10.133	0.811
Paraprevotella	iCCA	MRE	10.402	0.495	-0.057	0.740	0.619
		IVW	10.518	0.571
Anaerostipes	iCCA	MRE	9.312	0.593	-0.095	0.526	0.679
		IVW	9.740	0.639
Alistipes	iCCA	MRE	8.587	0.803	0.203	0.373	0.808
		IVW	9.437	0.802
Veillonellaceae	iCCA	MRE	13.399	0.818	0.037	0.672	0.850
		IVW	13.584	0.851
Eubacteriumnodatum group	GC and eCCA	MRE	6.622	0.676	0.106	0.555	0.755
		IVW	6.997	0.726
Ruminococcustorques group	GC and eCCA	MRE	6.527	0.836	-0.113	0.309	0.812
		IVW	7.665	0.811
Collinsella	GC and eCCA	MRE	14.609	0.147	0.024	0.894	0.229
		IVW	14.636	0.200
Coprococcus	GC and eCCA	MRE	4.421	0.817	-0.311	0.068	0.442
		IVW	8.877	0.449
Dorea	GC and eCCA	MRE	13.383	0.203	-0.031	0.820	0.304
		IVW	13.456	0.265
Eisenbergiella	GC and eCCA	MRE	10.563	0.393	-0.052	0.857	0.493
		IVW	10.599	0.477
Actinobacteria	GC and eCCA	MRE	14.593	0.481	0.182	0.153	0.406
		IVW	16.855	0.395

MR: Mendelian randomization; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; iCCA: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GC: Gallbladder cancer; eCCA: Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Q: Cochran’s Q test; MRE: MR egger; IVW: Inverse variance weighted.