Clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with colorectal cancer and its underlying pathogenesis

Table 1 Demographics of colorectal cancer patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Characteristics	mean ± SD/n (%)
Age, yr	68.45 ± 10.66
Gender
Male	13 (65)
Female	7 (35)
Vascular risk factors	10 (50)
Tobacco	6 (30)
Hypertension	6 (30)
Diabetes mellitus	2 (10)
Hypercholesterolemia	3 (15)
Alcohol abuse	1 (5)
Stroke history	2 (10)
Coronary or kidney disease	1 (5)
Coagulopathy	10 (50)
PLT < 100 × 109/L	6 (30)
PT > 15 s	6 (30)
APTT > 45 s	2 (10)
INR > 1.5	3 (15)
DIC	1 (5)
Elevated cancer biomarkers	17 (85)
CEA > 5 ng/mL	16 (80)
CA125 > 35 U/mL	4 (20)
CA153 > 31.3 U/mL	2 (10)
CA199 > 37 U/mL	9 (45)
Hepatic dysfunction
Yes	6 (30)
No	14 (70)
Distant metastasis
Intracranial metastasis	10 (50)
Hepatic/osseous metastasis	8 (40)
Metastasis of other organs	7 (35)
None	6 (30)
Cancer treatment before hemorrhage
Surgery alone	2 (10)
Chemotherapy	3 (15)
Both of the above	8 (40)
No treatment	7 (35)

PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International normalized ratio; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CA153: Carbohydrate antigen 153; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 2 Data on intracerebral hemorrhage

Characteristics	n (%)
Location of hemorrhage
Lobe	13 (65)
Basal ganglia	4 (20)
Brainstem	1 (5)
Cerebellum	2 (10)
Intratumoral hemorrhage	10 (50)
Treatment of hemorrhage
Conservative treatment	14 (70)
Surgery	1 (5)
Withdrawal of treatment	5 (25)
NIHSS score on the day of hemorrhage onset
NIHSS (0-5)	7 (35)
NIHSS (6-10)	5 (25)
NIHSS (11-20)	3 (15)
NIHSS (> 20)	5 (25)
mRS score 30 d after hemorrhage
Completely independent (mRS = 0-1)	7 (35)
Partially independent (mRS = 2-3)	5 (25)
Completely dependent (mRS = 4-5)	4 (20)
Death (mRS = 6)	4 (20)
Etiology
Intratumoral hemorrhage	10 (50)
Coagulopathy	10 (50)
Both of the above	5 (25)
Hypertension	4 (20)
Trauma	1 (5)
Time interval between CRC diagnosis and hemorrhage
ICH onset before cancer diagnosis	2 (10)
ICH onset after cancer diagnosis
< 6 mo	8 (40)
6-12 mo	5 (25)
1-5 yr	4 (20)
5-10 yr	1 (5)

ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; CRC: Colorectal cancer; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.