Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement for neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Patients and procedural characteristics for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial placement

Ca-se	Age in yr/sex	Tumor size in mm	cStage, UICC	Tumor location	Puncture route	Marker type	Marker size in mm	Needle gauge in G
1	78/F	25	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.75 × 5	19
2	63/F	24	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
3	77/F	18	IIB	H	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
4	55/M	30	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.75 × 5	19
5	72/M	20	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
6	68/F	32	III	B	G	Visicoil	0.75 × 5	19
7	68/F	14	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
8	70/M	18	IIA	H	D1	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
9	64/F	15	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
10	73/F	15	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
11	78/F	11	IIA	B	D1	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
12	68/M	25	IIB	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
13	60/M	20	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
14	78/F	22	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
15	52/M	15	IIA	H	D1	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
16	73/M	35	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
17	61/M	15	IIA	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
18	66/M	29	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
19	38/M	19	IIA	H	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
20	58/M	18	IIA	H	D1	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
21	71/F	12	IIB	B	G	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
22	57/M	19	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
23	64/M	21	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
24	78/M	11	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
25	66/M	21	IIA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
26	68/M	14	IA	H	D2	Visicoil	0.5 × 5	22
27	77/M	12	IIA	T	G	Gold Anchor	0.28 × 10	22
28	74/M	40	IIB	B	G	Gold Anchor	0.28 × 10	22
29	66/F	8.5	IIA	B	G	Gold Anchor	0.28 × 10	22

M: Male, F: Female; B: Body of pancreas; H: Head of pancreas; T: Tail of pancreas; G: Gastric; D1: Duodenal bulb; D2: Second portion of duodenum.

Table 2 Complications and results of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy following surgery after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial placement

Case	CRT	Complication during EUS-FP	Complication during NACRT	Surgery	Operation type	pStage, UICC	Evans classification
1	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP	IA	III
2	G-RT	0	Repeat cholangitis	Surgery	PD	IIB	I
3	G-RT	Minor bleeding	0	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIa
4	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP, left adrenal	IIA	III
5	G-RT	0	GE	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIa
6	G-RT	0	GU	Dissemination	-	-	-
7	GS-RT	0	GE	Surgery	DP, left adrenal	IIA	IIa
8	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIB	IIa
9	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP	No residual carcinoma	IV
10	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIb
11	G-RT	0	GU	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIa
12	G-RT	Minor bleeding	0	Surgery	TP	0(cis)	III
13	G-RT	0	0	Liver met	-	-	-
14	G-RT	0	Pressure fractureL1.3, ILD	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIb
15	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIB	IIb
16	GNab-RT	0	0	Declined	-	-	-
17	G-RT	0	0	Liver met	-	-	-
18	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIB	IIb
19	GNab-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IA	IIb
20	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	No residual carcinoma	IV
21	GNab-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP	IIA	IIb
22	GNab-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIB	IIa
23	GNab-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIA	IIa
24	G-RT→S-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IIA	I
25	G-RT	0	Migration	Surgery	PD	IA	I
26	G-RT	0	NA	Declined	-	-	-
27	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	PD	IA	IIb
28	G-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP	IIB	IIb
29	S-RT	0	0	Surgery	DP	IA	III

CRT: Chemoradiation therapy; EUS-FP: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement; NACRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy; G-CRT: Gemcitabine + radiation; GNab-CRT: Gemcitabine + nabPaclitaxel + radiation; S-RT: S-1 + radiation; PD: Pancreatoduodenectomy; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy; GE: Gastric erosion; GU: Gastric ulcer; ILD: Interstitial lung disease; Cis: Carcinoma in situ; NA: Not available.