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Krishnan A, Mukherjee D. Postoperative immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-angiogenesis for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Analyzing the evidence and future prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(9): 106801 [PMID: 40977675 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i9.106801]
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2025; 17(9): 106801 Published online Sep 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i9.106801
Postoperative immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-angiogenesis for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Analyzing the evidence and future prospects
Arunkumar Krishnan, Diptasree Mukherjee
Arunkumar Krishnan, Department of Supportive Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer, Charlotte, NC 28204, United States
Diptasree Mukherjee, Department of Medicine, Apex Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata 700075, West Bengal, India
Author contributions: Krishnan A contributed to the concept of the study, drafted the manuscript, and participated in the review and editing; Krishnan A and Mukherjee D were involved with critically revising the manuscript for important intellectual content; they contributed equally to this article, and all authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Arunkumar Krishnan, MD, Department of Supportive Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, United States. dr.arunkumar.krishnan@gmail.com
Received: March 7, 2025 Revised: April 9, 2025 Accepted: April 18, 2025 Published online: September 15, 2025 Processing time: 192 Days and 15.9 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: A recent study by Lu et al examined postoperative combined therapy (PCT) for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). While the findings provide important insights, it is essential to acknowledge several significant limitations. These include the potential for selection bias, a small sample size, and an insufficient focus on monitoring hepatitis B virus reactivation in detail. Future research should prioritize prospective, randomized controlled trials and adopt biomarker-driven approaches to advance the knowledge of the efficacy and safety of PCT. Moreover, extending follow-up periods and fostering global collaboration could enhance treatment outcomes and more effective patient care strategies in managing HBV-HCC.
