• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/mortality
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Prospective Studies
• Aged
• Radiotherapy Dosage
• Adult
• Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
• Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects
• Helicobacter Infections
• Aged, 80 and over
• Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods
• Neoplasm Staging
• Helicobacter pylori
• Remission Induction
• Treatment Outcome

• Diagnosis
• Marginal zone lymphoma
• Pathogenesis
• Prognosis
• Treatment

• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
• Prognosis
• Disease Management
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Tumor Microenvironment
• Treatment Outcome
• Disease Susceptibility
• Neoplasm Staging

• 82070175 National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy
• Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
• Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
• Orbital Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Orbital Neoplasms/mortality
• Orbital Neoplasms/pathology
• Prospective Studies
• Radiotherapy Dosage
• Treatment Outcome

• P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS

• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Aged
• Pilot Projects
• Radiotherapy Dosage
• Adult
• Prospective Studies
• Treatment Outcome
• Aged, 80 and over

• P30 CA016672 NCI NIH HHS

• BALT lymphoma
• failure
• immunochemotherapy
• quality of life
• radiotherapy

• Humans
• Quality of Life
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Adult
• Treatment Outcome
• Retrospective Studies
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/mortality
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
• Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects
• Prognosis
• Aged, 80 and over
• Bronchial Neoplasms/therapy
• Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Bronchial Neoplasms/mortality
• Follow-Up Studies
• Neoplasm Staging

• hypofractionation
• indolent lymphoma
• low-dose
• radiotherapy

• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
• Treatment Outcome
• Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
• Multicenter Studies as Topic

• Lyman–Kutcher–Burman model
• involved site radiation therapy
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• normal tissue toxicity
• reduced radiation doses

• Neoplasia
• Orbit

• Humans
• Case-Control Studies
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
• Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Eye Neoplasms/pathology
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors

• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
• B-Lymphocytes
• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
• Biopsy
• Immunophenotyping

To date, there is no treatment consensus on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) derived primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL).

We identified patients with early-stage MALT-type PPL from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. The patients were divided into four groups according to treatment modalities: None of surgery or chemotherapy (None) group, Surgery alone group, Chemotherapy alone (Chemo alone) group, and Surgery plus chemotherapy (Surgery + chemo) group. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were study endpoints. We performed Cox regression analyses, propensity score-matched analyses (PSM) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves to compare the survival among different groups.

A total of 953 patients were included in our analysis with 302, 403, 175, and 73 cases in the None, Surgery alone, Chemo alone, and Surgery + chemo groups, respectively. In this cohort, the estimated 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 86.95%, 78.91%, and 55.89%, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimated 3-year, 5-year and 10-year CSS rates were 96.71%, 93.73%, and 86.84%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that increasing age, tumors located in the lower lobe, and stage II were significant predictors of poorer OS while increasing age and tumors located in the bilateral lungs were associated with lower CSS. After PSM analyses, the KM survival curves showed no significant differences in OS or CSS among the four groups.

Early-stage MALT-type PPL is indolent in nature. Neither surgery, chemotherapy nor a combination of surgery and chemotherapy can improve OS and CSS, suggesting that “watch and wait” may be a reasonable alternative.

• Age
• MALT lymphoma
• Radiotherapy
• Relative survival

• Databases, Factual
• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
• Radiation Oncology
• Young Adult

Approximately 50% of limited‐stage ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) patients with adverse prognostic factors relapse after radiotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy has been proposed as an alternative frontline therapy. However, only a few studies have reported its long‐term treatment outcome.

In 2011, we commenced a phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (R‐CVP) in bilateral and non‐conjunctival limited‐stage OAML patients. Results of the clinical trial showed a response rate of 100% and a 4‐year progression‐free survival of 90.3% without significant toxicity. We extended the study period to December 2020 to determine the long‐term efficacy of R‐CVP chemoimmunotherapy.

At a median observation period of 66.0 months, eight of 33 study patients had relapsed. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 18.9% at 5 years and 44.7% at 8 years. The majority of relapses developed more than 4 years after treatment. Local relapse was more prevalent than distant relapse. The relapse risk of orbital and lacrimal diseases was likely to be higher than that of conjunctival and eyelid diseases (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 0.498–12.500, p = 0.25).

Although the response rate was remarkable for chemoimmunotherapy, the risk of late relapse was considerable. Based on our findings, clinical trials for limited‐stage OAML patients should have a long‐term observation period. To minimize radiation toxicity and reduce the risk of delayed relapse (local relapse and distant relapse), a future study with sequential or combination treatment of local low‐dose radiation and systemic chemoimmunotherapy can be considered.

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma of the stomach is a rare cancer type primarily treated with oral proton pump inhibitors. If the disease does not respond to this, radiation is the treatment of choice. This review presents the development of radiation therapy over the last decades. Earlier, the stomach was surgically removed and irradiation was performed using large-field techniques and high doses of radiation. Currently, the standard treatment is the use of small-volume radiation therapy (with few side effects) with the preservation of the stomach, which provides excellent outcomes. In addition, this paper provides an outlook on current studies and possible future developments.

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma (gMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) may persist even after H. pylori eradication, or it can be primarily Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) independent. For patients without the successful eradication of lymphoma, or with progressive disease, treatment options have historically included partial or total gastrectomy. Presently, in these instances, curative radiation therapy (RT) is the current standard of care. This review emphasizes the historically changing role of radiation therapy in gMZL, progressing from large-volume RT without surgery, to localized RT, on its own, as a curative organ-preserving treatment. This overview shows the substantial progress in radiation therapy during the recent two to three decades, from high-dose, large-field techniques to low-dose, localized target volumes based on advanced imaging, three-dimensional treatment planning, and advanced treatment delivery techniques. RT has evolved from very large extended field techniques (EF) with prophylactic treatment of the whole abdomen and the supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, applying doses between 30 and 50 Gy, to involved-field RT (IF), to the current internationally recommended involved site radiation therapy (ISRT) with a radiation dose of 24–30 Gy in gMZL. Stage-adapted RT is a highly effective and safe treatment with excellent overall survival rates and very rare acute or late treatment-related toxicities, as shown not only in retrospective studies, but also in large prospective multicenter studies, such as those conducted by the German Study Group on Gastrointestinal Lymphoma (DSGL). Further de-escalation of the radiation treatments with low-dose 20 Gy, as well as ultra-low-dose 4 Gy radiation therapy, is under investigation within ongoing prospective clinical trials of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) and of the German Lymphoma Alliance (GLA).

• ILROG
• MALT lymphoma of the stomach
• gastric marginal zone lymphoma
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• radiation therapy

• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease which is often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. First-line treatment of stage IE and IIE localized gastric MALT lymphoma is based on the eradication of H. pylori. The presence of H. pylori resistance factors such as translocation t (11;18), peri-gastric lymph node involvement and the degree of tumor infiltration of the gastric wall; or lack of response to antibiotic therapy are two main indications to treat with definitive radiotherapy (RT). RT is an effective treatment in localized gastric MALT lymphoma. A moderate dose of 30 Gy allows a high cure rate while being well tolerated. After treatment, regular gastric endoscopic follow-up is necessary to detect a potential occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.

• Radiotherapy
• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
• MALT
• Helicobacter pylori
• Lymphoma
• Review

The stomach is the most common site of origin for extranodal lymphomas, with extranodal marginal zone B-cell of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-lymphoma) being the predominant subtype. MALT-lymphoma develops in mucosa associated lymphoid structures acquired by infection or chronic antigenic stimuli and may therefore arise in almost any organ of the human body. In spite of histopathologic similarities between various organs upon first glance, recent findings suggest pronounced differences between different sites, with a variety of features specific to gastric MALT-lymphoma. The objective of this review is to sum up the current knowledge on pathogenesis, molecular pathology, clinical presentation and therapeutic approaches to gastric MALT-lymphoma with in-depth discussion of recent developments.

• Helicobacter pylori
• MALT-lymphoma
• antibiotic therapy
• systemic therapy

This study compares reduced (<27 Gy) to standard dose (≥30 Gy) radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (gMALT lymphoma).

Forty-two patients with stage I or II disease were retrospectively reviewed. Response to RT was assessed with endoscopy after RT. Complete response rate (CR), freedom from treatment failure, and overall survival (OS) were calculated.

All patients were stage I (n = 40) or II (n = 2). All patients had residual biopsy proven gMALT lymphoma before RT. Twenty-six patients (61.9%) were treated with standard dose RT, 30 to 36 Gy, and 16 (38.1%) with the reduced dose RT, 23.5 to 27 Gy. The median follow-up was 29.5 months (range, 6-85). Thirty-six patients (86%) achieved complete response (CR), and 6 patients (14%) achieved partial response (PR). The complete response rate (CR) at the first endoscopic assessment, median time of 3 months, was 81% (95% confidence interval, 0.61%-0.93%) for standard RT, and 94% (confidence interval, 0.69%-0.99%) for reduced RT. Among CR patients, one patient had locally relapsed disease at 50 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 100% in both groups. The 1-year freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) was 100% in the reduced RT group and 92% in the standard RT group. The 2-year FFTF and OS of the whole cohort were 92% and 96%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the OS, FFTF, and CR between the 2 treatment groups (P = .38, P = .18, and P = .267, respectively). For toxicity, the mean liver dose and the mean V20 heart dose were significantly lower in the reduced RT group (P <.001 and P = .001, respectively). However, incidence and severity of reported toxicities were similar between the 2 groups.

Reduced dose RT (23.5-27 Gy) achieved excellent complete response rates with minimal toxicity, comparable with standard dose RT (30-36 Gy), for gMALT.

• Helicobacter pylori 3
• MALT lymphoma 2
• NF-κB pathway 4
• extranodal lymphoma 1

• 13006, 15019 Bloodwise
• KKL582 Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund

• disease-specific survival
• outcomes
• overall survival
• primary breast marginal zone lymphoma
• surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database, treatments

• MALT lymphoma
• MALT-IPI
• extranodal lymphoma
• helicobacter pylori
• pod24

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Female
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy
• Helicobacter pylori
• Humans
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Orbital Neoplasms/pathology
• Orbital Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Progression-Free Survival
• Prospective Studies
• Radiation Injuries/pathology
• Radiotherapy Dosage
• Recurrence
• Skin Neoplasms/pathology
• Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome

• P30 CA016672 NCI NIH HHS

Prospective evaluation of impact of dose and target volume in radiation planning of gastric lymphoma on organs at risk. New model parameters for calculation of normal tissue complication probabilities were developed from quality-assured cohort data. The study provides practicable data to calculate risks for neighbored organs at risk in modern radiation planning with currently lower radiation doses, representing a basis for future adaptation of previous model parameters.

Successful studies on radiation therapy for gastric lymphoma led to a decrease in planning target volume (PTV) and radiation dose with low toxicities, maintaining excellent survival rates. It remains unclear as to which effects are to be expected concerning dose burden on organs at risk (OAR) by decrease in PTV vs. dose and whether a direct impact on toxicity might be expected. We evaluated 72 radiation plans, generated prospectively for a cohort of 18 patients who were treated for indolent gastric lymphoma in our department. As a prospective work, four radiation plans with different radiation doses and target volumes (40 Gy-involved field, 40 Gy-involved site, 30 Gy-involved field, 30 Gy-involved site) were generated for each patient. Mean dose burden on adjacent organs was compared between the planning groups. Cohort toxicity data served to estimate parameters for the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) model for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). These were used to anticipate adverse events for OAR. Literature parameters were used to estimate high-grade toxicities of OAR. Decrease of dose and/or PTV led to median dose reductions between 0.13 and 5.2 Gy, with a significant dose reduction on neighboring organs. Estimated model parameters for liver, spleen, and bowel toxicity were feasible to predict cohort toxicities. NTCP for the endpoints elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, and diarrhea ranged between 15.9 and 22.8%, 27.6 and 32.4%, and 21.8 and 26.4% for the respective four plan variations. Field and dose reduction highly impact dose burden and NTCP for OAR during stomach radiation. Our estimated LKB model parameters offer a good approximation for low-grade toxicities in abdominal organs with modern radiation techniques.

• LKB model
• NTCP
• gastric lymphoma
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• radiation oncology
• side effects

Radiotherapy is often used for treating patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas who fail to respond to Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma is rare, and no standard therapeutic strategies have been established. This study was designed to assess the long-term prognosis of non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma treated with radiotherapy and to compare the outcomes with that of post-radiotherapy gastric MALT lymphoma.

The study included 34 patients with stage I EA gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma according to the Ann Arbor classification who underwent definitive radiotherapy. The primary site was the rectum in 3, the duodenum in 1, and the stomach in 30 patients. The radiotherapy dose was 1.5‒2.0 Gy (median, 1.5 Gy) and the total dose was 30‒40 Gy (median, 30 Gy). The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the volume of the entire organ with the lymphoma. Adjacent lymph node areas were not routinely included in the CTV.

Complete response (CR) was achieved in all patients. There were no local recurrences, and two cases of recurrence were observed at other sites. The 5-year overall survival rates for non-gastric and gastric MALT lymphomas were 100% and 94.7%, respectively, and the 5-year disease-free survival rates were 100% and 95.7%, respectively. None of the patients died of the current illness.

Radiotherapy for non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma is expected to result in good local control and long-term survival, similar to that for gastric MALT lymphoma.

• Gastric MALT lymphoma
• Local control
• Non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma
• Radiotherapy
• Survival

• MALT lymphoma
• chemotherapy
• extranodal lymphoma
• immunomodulatory treatment

• mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue International Prognostic Index
• mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
• prognostic index
• β2-microglobulin

Background: Lymphoma of the sublingual gland is rare, representing 1% of all salivary gland lymphomas. In this case report, we present three new cases and compare them to previously published cases, with the aim of characterizing the clinical, morphological, histopathological, and genetic features of this type of malignancy.

Materials and Methods: We provide a clinical description of three cases along with a characterization of the microscopic features, including morphology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we analysed possible cytogenetic rearrangements with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results: Case 1: A 61-year-old male presenting with a painless swelling of the floor of the mouth diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of the left sublingual gland. The patient is alive with no evidence of disease after his fourth treatment regimen following several relapses. Case 2: A 68-year-old female with a prior history of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) presenting with a tender swelling of the left sublingual gland as well as the right submandibular gland. The lesions were diagnosed as relapsing MCL. The patient died of unrelated causes after 18 months of treatment. Case 3: A 75-year-old female presenting with a swelling of the floor of the mouth diagnosed as follicular lymphoma (FL) of the left sublingual gland. The patient received chemotherapy along with radiotherapy and was still alive 10 years after the diagnosis.

Conclusion: The three cases of sublingual gland lymphomas presented in this case report resemble lymphomas of other major salivary glands. The clinician should be aware of this type of malignancy and that the clinical presentation may not differ from benign lesions or other more common malignancies in this location.

• extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
• follicular lymphoma
• head and neck
• lymphoma
• mantle cell lymphoma
• salivary glands
• sublingual glands

Malignant lymphoma originates from the lymphohematopoietic system. It can occur in any lymphoid tissue. Malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland is rare, but its incidence has increased in recent years. Its clinical- presentations are non-specific, and it is often manifested as a painless mass in a salivary gland, which can be accompanied by multiple swollen cervical lymph nodes. Confirmation of the diagnosis before an invasive procedure is difficult. Clinically, malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland tends to be misdiagnosed, leading to an inappropriate treatment plan and the ultimate delay in the optimal treatment of the disease. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland.

• Salivary gland
• Malignant lymphoma
• Pathogenic factors
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

This article reports on the long‐term impact of radiotherapy adapted to stage, histology, and previous resection in a large cohort of patients with intestinal lymphoma (iL) treated with definitive or adjuvant curative‐intent radiation therapy (RT) ± chemotherapy (CHOP, MCP, or COP).

In two consecutive prospective study designs, 134 patients with indolent (stage IE–IIE) or aggressive (stage IE–IVE) iL were referred to 61 radiotherapeutic institutions between 1992 and 2003. Patients with indolent iL received extended field (EF) 30 Gy (+10 Gy boost in definitive treatment); patients with aggressive iL received involved field (IF) (EF) 40 Gy by means of stage‐, histology‐, and operation‐adapted radiation fields.

The patients had median age 58 years and were predominantly male (2:1). Histology showed aggressive prevalence (1.6:1), stage IE–to–stage IIE ratio of iL 1.04:1, and localized stages–to–advanced stages ratio of aggressive lymphoma 23:1. Median follow‐up was in total 11.7 years: 10.0 years in the first study, GIT (GastroIntestinal‐Tract) 1992, and 11.8 years in the second study, GIT 1996. Lymphoma involvement was predominantly a single intestinal lesion (82.1%). Decrease of radiation field size from EF to IF in stage I aggressive iL from GIT 1992 to GIT 1996 resulted in a nonsignificant partial reduction of chronic toxicity while maintaining comparable survival rates (5‐year overall survival 87.9 vs. 86.7%, 10‐year overall survival 77.4 vs. 71.5%) with nonsignificant difference in event‐free survival (5‐year event‐free survival 82.6 vs. 86.7%, 10‐year event‐free survival 69.7 vs. 71.5%) and lymphoma‐specific survival (5‐year lymphoma‐specific survival 90.1 vs. 91.9%, 10‐year lymphoma‐specific survival 87.6% vs. 91.9%). Comparative dose calculation of two still available indolent duodenal lymphoma computed tomography scans revealed lower radiation exposure to normal tissues from applying current standard involved site RT (ISRT) 30 Gy in both cases.

RT adapted to stage, histology, and resection in multimodal treatment of iL, despite partially decreasing field size (EF to IF), achieves excellent local tumor control and survival rates. The use of modern RT technique and target volume with ISRT offers the option of further reduction of normal tissue complication probability.

Although patients with intestinal lymphoma (iL) are heterogeneous according to histology and subtype, they benefit from radiotherapy. Prospective study data from 134 patients with indolent iL (stage IE–IIE) or aggressive iL (stage IE–IVE) show 100% tumor control after definitive or adjuvant curative‐intent radiation therapy ± chemotherapy. Radiation treatment was applied between 1992 and 2003. Median follow‐up in total was 11.7 years. No radiotherapy‐associated death occurred. Relapse developed in 15.7% of the entire cohort; distant failure was more frequent than local (4:1). Normal tissue complication probability can be further improved using modern involved site radiation therapy techniques.

This article reports the details of radiation therapy in the therapeutic multimodality approach for treatment of patients with intestinal lymphoma.

• Extended field
• Intestinal lymphoma
• Involved field
• Involved site radiation therapy
• Normal tissue complication probability

• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
• Neoplasm Staging
• Prospective Studies

• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Lymphoma
• Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
• Thyroid

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Head and neck
• Intensity-modulated
• Involved-site radiotherapy
• Orbit
• Skin

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Disease-Free Survival
• Extranodal Extension/pathology
• Extranodal Extension/radiotherapy
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
• Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy
• Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
• Lymphoma, Follicular/radiotherapy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Radiotherapy Dosage
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult