Obtaining research biopsies during pediatric colonoscopy: Safety and adverse events

Table 1 Participant demographics

	Research group(n = 38)	Control group(n = 84)	P value1
Sex
Male, n (%)	20 (52.6)	48 (57.1)	0.64
Female, n (%)	18 (47.4)	36 (42.9)
Age in years, n (%)
0-5	1 (2.6)	16 (19.0)	0.05
6-12	10 (26.3)	19 (22.6)
13-21	27 (71.1)	49 (58.3)
Race
White, n (%)	5 (13.2)	26 (31)	0.04
Non-white, n (%)	33 (86.8)	58 (69)
Diagnosis
IBD2, n (%)	17 (44.7)	21 (25)	0.03
Normal histology, n (%)	21 (55.3)	63 (75)
IBD diagnosis
CD3, n (%)	11 (28.9)	10 (11.9)	0.23
UC4, n (%)	5 (13.2)	11 (13)
IC5, n (%)	1 (2.6)	0
History of IBD
Yes	8	12	0.54
No	9	9

¹All P values calculated to significance level of 0.05,

²Inflammatory Bowel Disease,

³Crohn’s disease,

⁴Ulcerative colitis,

⁵Indeterminate colitis.

Table 2 Minor gastrointestinal outcomes

	Research group(n = 38)	Control group(n = 84)	P value1
Gastrointestinal symptom after
Procedure, n (%)
Yes	8 (21.1)	13 (15.5)	0.45
No	30 (78.9)	71 (84.5)
Mechanism of reporting
Phone call	6	6	0.14
PGI2 clinic visit	0	1
ED visit	2	1
Inpatient	0	5
Management
Outpatient	5	6	0.81
Admission to hospital	1	1
Referral to ED	2	1
Continued admission	0	5
Gastrointestinal symptom3 (%)
Abdominal pain only	2 (5.3)	4 (4.8)	0.82
Abdominal pain + diarrhea and/or vomiting	3 (7.9)	5 (6.0)
Rectal bleeding	3 (7.9)	2 (2.4)
Other	2 (5.3)	3 (3.6)
Number of Biopsies
Mean ± SD4	13.6 ± 4.2	9.3 ± 4.4	< 0.0001

¹All P values calculated to a significance level of 0.05,

²pediatric gastroenterology,

³In research group, 1 patient with both abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, 1 with both rectal bleeding and constipation and in control group, 1 patient with rectal bleeding and diarrhea;

⁴standard deviation.

Table 3 Indications for colonoscopy

Indication (%)	Research (n = 38)	Control (n = 84)	P value1
Abdominal pain	50	50	1
Diarrhea	44.7	36.9	0.41
Rectal bleeding	36.8	34.5	0.8
Weight loss	44.7	20.2	0.01
Loss of appetite	34.2	10.7	0.002
Constipation	18.4	15.5	0.68
Vomiting	15.8	14.3	0.83
Fatigue	23.7	3.57	0.001
Fever	7.89	3.57	0.31
Joint pain	10.5	1.19	0.02
Rash	5.26	0	0.03

¹All P values calculated to a significance level of 0.05.