Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2021; 13(4): 97-110
Published online Apr 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i4.97
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of low dose and high dose sedation groups
Variable
LD EGD (n = 25146), n (%)
HD EGD (n = 113281), n (%)
P value
LD colonoscopy (n = 37991), n (%)
HD colonoscopy (n = 194684), n (%)
P value
Age, mean ± SD51.9 ± 21.9 58.2 ± 19.2< 0.000156.8 ± 14.5 59.7 ± 22.6< 0.0001
Female gender13095 (52.1)55617 (49.1)< 0.000118548 (48.8)89973 (46.2)< 0.0001
Hispanic 6091 (24.2)20479 (18.1)< 0.00019052 (23.8)22533 (11.6)< 0.0001
White 19704 (78.4)91529 (80.8)< 0.000130643 (80.7)168539 (86.6)< 0.0001
Black2084 (8.3)6427 (5.7)< 0.00012262 (6.0)8605 (4.4)< 0.0001
Asian1284 (5.1)3985 (3.5)< 0.00012213 (5.8)5484 (2.8)< 0.0001
Other race2025 (8.1)9697 (8.6)< 0.00013220 (8.5)10100 (5.2)< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD27.8 ± 15.228.2 ± 19.8< 0.000128.3 ± 19.928.2 ± 17< 0.0001
Exam duration (min), mean ± SD9 ± 1210 ± 8< 0.000120 ± 2423 ± 23< 0.0001
Medication dosage, mean ± IQR
Fentanyl (mcg)45 ± 8.3205.6 ± 11.147.6 ± 9255.9 ± 15.3
Meperidine (µg)33.9 ± 7.2170.3 ± 10.445.7 ± 12.3152.8 ± 11.6
Midazolam (mg)1.3 ± 9.46.3 ± 19.71.8 ± 17.48.8 ± 21.2
Diphenhydramine (mg)N/A25.2 ± 13.5N/A50.3 ± 11.5
Personnel managing sedation, n (%)
Endoscopist 11522 (45.8)63187 (55.8)< 0.000115608 (41.1)96376 (49.5)< 0.0001
Anesthesiologist 13572 (54.0)49656 (43.8)< 0.000121288 (56.0)89120 (45.8)< 0.0001
Other9042 (36.0)216 (0.19)< 0.00011095 (2.9)46 (0.02)< 0.0001
Unplanned intubations, n (%)132 (0.5)239 (0.2)< 0.00015 (0.01)19 (0.01)< 0.0001
Aborted procedures, n (%)5791 (23.0)1371 (1.2)< 0.00011602 (4.2)341 (0.2)< 0.0001
Admission status, n (%)
Inpatient 4936 (19.6)12300 (10.9)< 0.00011642 (4.3)4894 (2.5)< 0.0001
Outpatient20204 (80.3)100756 (88.9)< 0.000136349 (95.7)189631 (97.4)< 0.0001
Location of procedure, n (%)
Ambulatory surgical center14469 (57.5)70643 (62.4)< 0.000124967 (65.7%)137399 (70.6)< 0.0001
Endoscopy suite9790 (38.9)40263 (35.5)< 0.000112735 (33.5)56352 (28.9)< 0.0001
Hospital ward150 (0.6)205 (0.2)< 0.000124 (0.06)72 (0.04)< 0.0001
ICU668 (2.7)1678 (1.5)< 0.0001114 (0.3)205 (0.1)< 0.0001
Operating room16 (0.1)66 (0.06)< 0.00014 (0.01)18 (0.01)< 0.0001
Other1479 (1.9)201 (0.2)< 0.0001147 (0.4)47 (0.02)< 0.0001
Table 2 Entire group analysis
Characteristic
Adjusted OR1 (95%CI)
P value
Age ≥ 50 vs < 50 (yr)1.61 (1.57-1.65)< 0.0001
BMI ≥ 25 vs < 25 (kg/m2)0.81 (0.77-0.86)< 0.0001
Females (vs males)1.14 (1.12-1.16)< 0.0001
African Americans vs Whites1.51 (1.46-1.57)< 0.0001
Asians vs Whites2.29 (2.19-2.39)< 0.0001
Hispanics vs Whites2.06 (2.01-2.10)< 0.0001
Colonoscopy vs EGD0.97 (0.95-0.99)0.001
Outpatient vs inpatient0.70 (0.67-0.72)< 0.0001
Completed: No vs yes1.18 (1.12-1.24)< 0.0001
ASA ≥ III vs ASA < III1.45 (1.41-1.49)< 0.0001
Location: OR vs endoscopy suite 0.97 (0.95-0.99)0.005
Location: Other site2 vs endoscopy suite1.25 (1.16-1.34)< 0.0001
Duration: ≥ 30-60 vs < 30 (min)0.96 (0.93-0.99)0.02
Duration: > 60 vs < 30 (min)0.52 (0.48-0.57)< 0.0001
Table 3 Comparison of esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy groups
Characteristic
EGD group adjusted OR1 (95%CI)
P value
Colonoscopy group adjusted OR1 (95%CI)
P value
Age ≥ 50 vs < 50 (yr)2.23 (2.15-2.31)< 0.00011.16 (1.13-1.20)< 0.0001
BMI ≥ 25 vs < 25 (kg/m2)1.18(1.09-1.28)< 0.00010.67 (0.63-0.72)< 0.0001
Females (vs males)1.23 (1.19-1.26)< 0.00011.08 (1.05-1.10)< 0.0001
African Americans vs Whites1.43 (1.35-1.51)< 0.00011.54 (1.46-1.62)< 0.0001
Asians vs Whites1.73 (1.61-1.86)< 0.00012.70 (2.56-2.85)< 0.0001
Hispanics vs Whites1.58 (1.53-1.64)< 0.00012.49 (2.42-2.56)< 0.0001
Outpatient vs inpatient0.59 (0.57-0.62)< 0.00010.85 (0.80-0.91)< 0.0001
Completed: No vs yes1.01 (0.89-1.14)0.891.22 (1.15-1.29)< 0.0001
ASA ≥ III vs ASA < III1.44 (1.39-1.49)< 0.00011.44 (1.39-1.50)< 0.0001
Location: OR vs endoscopy suite1.10 (1.06-1.14)< 0.00010.91 (0.89-0.94)< 0.0001
Location: Other site2 vs endoscopy suite1.06 (0.97-1.16)0.201.75 (1.51-2.01)< 0.0001
Duration: ≥ 30-60 vs < 30 (min)1.12 (1.07-1.17)< 0.00010.81 (0.77-0.85)< 0.0001
Duration: > 60 vs < 30 (min)0.35 (0.27-0.45)< 0.00010.55 (0.50-0.60)< 0.0001