Pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A systematic review of indications, technical success, adverse events, and complication prevention

Figure 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram of study identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. The search identified 1774 records; 1175 remained after deduplication; 410 were selected for full-text retrieval; 356 full-text reports were assessed; 144 records underwent data extraction; and 128 studies were included in the final descriptive synthesis.

Figure 2 Publication trend of included studies. Annual number of studies included in the final 128-study descriptive synthesis, by publication year.

Figure 3 Country or region distribution of included studies. Leading data-source countries or regions among the 128 included studies.

Figure 4 Indications and therapeutic interventions among included studies. Study-level keyword classification; categories are not mutually exclusive.

Figure 5 Study-level outcome distributions. Endpoint-specific descriptive distributions for technical success, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, and overall complications or adverse events. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IQR: Interquartile range.