Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, lights and shadows: Handle with care

Figure 1 Algorithm of endoscopic treatment for CBD stones. CBD: Common bile duct; CS: Cholangioscopy; CS-L: CS-guided lithotripsy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; ESWL: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; ML: Mechanical lithotripsy.

Figure 2 Patient with Klatskin’s tumor before (A) and after (B) bilateral or “complete” biliary drainage with uncovered self-expandable metal stent.

Figure 3 Management of post-cholecistectomy benign biliary stricture. A: Before the treatment; B: Multi-stenting treatment; C: Radiological appearance at the end of treatment.