Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Sep 16, 2021; 13(9): 391-406
Published online Sep 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i9.391
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of gastrointestinal cancer: Anatomical prevalence, predictors, and interventions
Mohamad A Minhem, Ahmad Nakshabandi, Rabia Mirza, Mohd Amer Alsamman, Mark C Mattar
Mohamad A Minhem, Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
Ahmad Nakshabandi, Mohd Amer Alsamman, Mark C Mattar, Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Rabia Mirza, Mark C Mattar, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Author contributions: Minhem MA contributed to study concept and design, statistical analysis of data, and drafting of manuscript; Nakshabandi A supervised the report and contributed to interpretation of data and editing of manuscript; Mirza R contributed to interpretation of data and drafting of manuscript; Alsamman MA contributed to interpretation of data and editing of manuscript; Mattar MC supervised the report and provided critical revision of important intellectual concepts.
Institutional review board statement: Not required because study involves only de-identified data.
Informed consent statement: Not required because study involves only de-identified data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no relevant disclosures.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mark C Mattar, AGAF, FACG, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States. mark.c.mattar@medstar.net
Received: April 21, 2021
Peer-review started: April 21, 2021
First decision: June 23, 2021
Revised: June 27, 2021
Accepted: August 6, 2021
Article in press: August 6, 2021
Published online: September 16, 2021
Core Tip

Core Tip: This is a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database aiming to study the prevalence, predictors, and interventions of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) in the setting of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). The prevalence of GIH varies based on the anatomical location of cancer, ranging between 15.7% in gastric cancer and 5.1% in gallbladder cancer. Many risk factors, including socioeconomic factors such as insurance and race, can affect the rates of GIH. Endoscopy is significantly associated with lower inpatient mortality in bleeding patients with GIC.