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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Oct 16, 2021; 13(10): 473-490
Published online Oct 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i10.473
Published online Oct 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i10.473
Tips and tricks for the diagnosis and management of biliary stenosis-state of the art review
Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco, Michelangela Mossa, Edoardo Troncone, Omero Alessandro Paoluzi, Giovanni Monteleone, Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
Renato Argirò, Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
Andrea Anderloni, Alessandro Repici, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital & Humanitas University, Rozzano 20093, Italy
Author contributions: Del Vecchio Blanco G designed and wrote the manuscript; Mossa M and Argirò R contributed in the writing of the manuscript; Troncone E, Anderloni A, and Repici A contributed to critical revision of the manuscript; Paoluzi OA contributed in the writing and revision of the manuscript; Monteleone G contributed to direct supervision.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy. giovanna.del.vecchio.blanco@uniroma2.it
Received: April 30, 2021
Peer-review started: April 30, 2021
First decision: June 17, 2021
Revised: June 24, 2021
Accepted: August 17, 2021
Article in press: August 17, 2021
Published online: October 16, 2021
Peer-review started: April 30, 2021
First decision: June 17, 2021
Revised: June 24, 2021
Accepted: August 17, 2021
Article in press: August 17, 2021
Published online: October 16, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: Biliary stenosis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining a tissue diagnosis to differentiate a malignant from a benign stricture. The diagnostic and therapeutic workup of patients with a suspected malignant biliary stricture should be discussed at a multidisciplinary team meeting in a tertiary center. The use of all available diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration, and cholangioscopy should be evaluated to avoid unnecessary surgery or a delay in diagnosis. Here, we focus on the most recently published findings regarding the diagnosis and therapy of biliary stricture.